三、特定语境下名词的选择

　　四级完形填空对名词的考查不仅仅定位于名词的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定语境下名词的选择,这也是完形填空的特点所在。考生解答此类问题的关键便是理解名词所在的上下文的语篇含义。例如:An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, injured 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almost overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended by international aid organizations, military and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in. A) ranks B) equipment C) personnel D) installations (2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]此题目是对特殊语境下名词选择的考查。先确定四个给定名词的含义:rank"军衔,军阶"；equipment"设备"；personnel"人员,职员"；installation"安装,设置"。再根据句意:军队人员帮助照顾受灾民众,得出正确选项C)。　　
　　Try out
　　Directions:
　　In this section, there are 4 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
　　Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can add to the cost. Take the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you adopt when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable possession in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long 2 . Before you buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from three items or three estimates.
　　1. A) form 　B) way 　C) method　 D) fashion
　　2. A) interval 　B) period　　C) run 　D) time
　　3. A) equipment　 B) appliance 　C) utility 　D) facility
　　4. A) goal 　B) task　 C) function 　D) purpose
　　(2005年1月,CET-4)　　
　　答案&解析
　　1题属于完形填空中义近形异名词的辨析。给定的前三个名词都有“形式”的意思，按照名词的用途，form 指“具体事物的形式或形态”；way指“手段，方法(manner, how to do sth )”，比method更为通用，可指单一的技巧也可指复杂的操作方法，还可以指一些人处理某一问题所采用的特殊方法；method指“方法，方式”，指相当精心地拟订的一组方法，并强调实施的效率和精确性。fashion表示“时尚”，与前三个名词词义差别较大。故得出正确选项考(试大B）：你买一件物品或一项服务的方式往往可以决定你是在节省钱财还是在增加额外花费。
　　2题是对名词的考查。固定搭配“in the long run”表示“长远，最后”。此句句意为：如果你一直很好地维持你的小家、车子和宝贵财产，那从长期看来，你就是在节省金钱。最后得出正确选项C）。
　　3题仍然考查义近形异名词的辨析。给定的四个名词都含“工具，器械”的意思，按照名词的用途，equipment 表示“军用装备，野营用具”；appliance特指“家用电器”；utility常用于短语public utilities“公用事业”；facility 常用考(试大作复数形式表示“设施”。此处表示电器，故得出正确选项B）。
　　4题是对特殊语境下名词选择的考查。先确定四个给定名词的含义：goal“目标”；task“任务”；function“功能，作用”；purpose “目的”。再根据句意：如果可以的话，先试用或借来使用，看它是否能满足你特定的使用需求，得出正确选项D）。