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Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Some living creatures may (36)______________ the effects of cold by moving elsewhere (e. g. birds, fish) or by (37)______________ movement (e. g. bees). Others may die when the cold weather (38)_______________(e. g. land insects).
Many mammals (39)______________ the winter through the process of hibernation (from the Latin word meaning winter). One type of hibernation is known as (40)______________ hibernation. This is brought about by the activation of a (41)___________ called H. I.T. in the animal' s blood. The temperature of the animal falls and metabolism is (42)____________ The respiratory and heart (beat) rates (43) ___________ dramatically and the temperature falls (44)__________________________________________. However, the animal will be awakened by a special control system if it is danger of freezing and may also wake for a short to excrete waste substances or to eat.
(45)______________________________________________________________ . Energy is provided at the end of hibernation by the animal's store of brown fat. Some creatures do not actually hibernate, but enter a state of torpor. They show similar metabolic changes, (46) ______________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Coffee may counteract alcohol's poisonous effects on the liver and help prevent cirrhosis (肝硬化), researchers say. In a study of more than 125,000 people, one cup of coffee per day cut the 47 of alcoholic cirrhosis by 20 percent. The coffee effect held true for women and men of various 48 backgrounds.
It is 49 whether it is the caffeine or some other 50 in coffee that provides the protection, said study co-author Dr. Arthur Klatsky of the Kaiser permanent Division of Research in Oakland, Calif. The participants 51 from teetotalers(禁酒主义者), who made up 12 percent of the total, to heavy drinkers, who made up 8 percent. The researchers calculated the risk reductions rate for the whole group, not just the drinkers. Not all heavy drinkers develop cirrhosis, an 52 scarring of the liver that hurts the organ's ability to filter toxins (毒素) from the blood. Klatsky said the new findings may help explain why some people's livers 53 heavy alcohol use.
Hepatitis(肝炎) and some 54 diseases can also cause cirrhosis. But the study found coffee did not 55 the liver against those other causes of scarring.
The same study bund coffee drinkers had healthier results on blood tests used to measure liver function, whether or not they were heavy alcohol users. Coffee's effect on reducing liver enzymes (酶)in the blood was more 56 among the heavy drinkers in the study.
A)ingredient B)religious C) protect D) inherited
E)covered F) ranged G) irreversible H)ethnic
I) unclear J) risk K) factors L) disease
M) apparent N) survive O) prevent
