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2. 细节理解题
细节理解题是四级阅读理解中最常见的考试题型,因此教育题材的阅读题型也不例外。在回答此类题目时,应采用查读法(Scanning)。这类题目常以以下疑问代词或疑问副词提问,如who, what, when, where, why以及how等。这些题目往往不采用文章的原话提问,而是使用同义词语、同义转述等。因此,在选择答案前应首先看准题干、看清题目所问;然后,查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词;最后,在充分理解原文和题干的基础上确定正确答案。
例如:2005年1月的试题。
Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will in-crease the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
Q: Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?
A) They can do better in their future studies.
B) They can accumulate more group experience there.
C) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
此段选自一篇学校教育题材的文章,主要是对比美日两国的儿童教
育。此题是典型的细节题,根据题设中的university-based,答案可定位在第一句。if 引导的条件从句可看作结果,而其后的主句就是原因,只要将选项和主句进行对比,就可以选出D)。
综上所述,如果考生平时对以上的教育问题有一定的了解,那么再阅读此类文章时就易于把握整体大意,从而更好地解答题目。因此,考生平常在学习英语时,应该注重英美文化,尤其要关注教育方面的背景知识,从文化的角度入手轻松地学习英语以提高做题的准确性
Try out
If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children"I’m sorry I got angry with you, but ...", what follows that"but"can render the apology ineffective:"I had a bad day"or"your noise was giving me a headache"leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I’m sorry you’re upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing your-self to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all-covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I’m useless as a parent" does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with ex-amples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing his/her parents’ clothes without permission is not. (CET-4, 2005年12月)
1. If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ______.
A) she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized
B) she does not realize that the child has been hurt
C) the child may find the apology easier to accept
D) the child may feel that he owes her an apology
2. According to the author, saying "I’m sorry you’re upset "most probably means "______".
A) You have good reason to get upset
B) I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame
C) I apologize for hurting your feelings
D) I’m at fault for making you upset
3. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology be-cause ______.
A) it gets one into the habit of making empty promises
B) it may make the other person feel guilty
C) it is vague and ineffective
D) it is hurtful and insulting
