60. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.
A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards
C) it may bring about too much criticism
D) it does not help them to think clearly(B)
61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?
A) It refines his writing into better shape.
B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C) It saves the writing time available to him.
D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.(A)
这是一篇语言较为平易的说明文,作者以简练、亲切、对话式的语言向读者阐述了自己的写作方法。全文共五段,开篇以I’ve been writing for most of my life一句点明作者是位经验丰富的作家,开门见山,在读者心目中树立了权威,为后文介绍的写作方法被读者接受铺平了道路。作者随后马不停蹄提出了第一点写作方法,The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind,即批判思维与创造思维不能同时共存。按照常理来讲,这句话是应该与前文断开、自成一段的,原因是它与前文实际上是总分关系。不过由于文章的平易性和闲散性,作者也就对此未做过高要求。
第二段具体说明解决批判思维与创造思维的关系问题的方法:使用创造思维在前,使用批判思维在后:You must learn to create first and then criticize。
第三段介绍了运用创造思维的具体方法:free writing,自由写作;第四、五段具体讲解批判思维的使用方法。
57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.
A) no one can be both creative and critical
B) they cannot be regarded as equally important
C) they are in constant conflict with each other
D) one cannot use them at the same time
题目问作者所讲的写作过程中的创造思维与批判思维cannot work in parallel是什么意思。
文章的第二段论述了创造性思维与批判性思维的关系问题。从最后一句结语You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is可清晰地看出,在应用这二种思维时,必须首先使用创造性思维,而后再使用批判性思维。意思就是二者不可同时使用。
A,一个人不可能既会用创造性思维又会用批判性思维。no one can be both creative and critical的意思是一个人身上不同时具备这二种思维能力,而不是不能同时使用这二者。作者在文中讨论先运用创造思维、后运用批判思维的问题,那么一个人肯定是具有这两种思维能力的。A的解释不对。
B,二者的重要性不可等量齐观。从上下文来看,作者从未对二者孰重孰轻做出评判,而只是讨论了先后问题。
C,二者始终处于与对方斗争冲突的状态。从文中论述可知,只有当人们想同时使用二者时,这二者才会发生冲突,如果一前一后使用则不会。所以并不能说始终处于冲突状态。因此这个选项的论断不正确。
D,一个人不能同时运用这二种思维,这一点与文中的You must learn to create first and then criticize相符。
58. What prevents people from writing on is ________.
A) putting their ideas in raw form
B) attempting to edit as they write
C) ignoring grammatical soundness
D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts
题目问妨碍人们实现流畅写作的是什么?
文章第二段讲到了这个问题。开头 The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”一句具体指出了写作时的坏习惯——尝试修改(edit),而解决办法则是free writing。后文做了两个假设,即在想法初现的时候考虑语法问题和想法初现就不做修改与人分享,这二种情形的结果都不理想。段末指出了解决方案:先不受影响地创造出想法,然后运用批判思维进行修改。
A,把原始的粗糙想法拿来与人分享。文中提到putting their ideas in raw form时是要强调想法如果不进行修改则不会被人理解,想法能够写下来实际上已经是流畅写作的结果了,也就不存在妨碍问题。
B,在写作时试图进行修改。The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write,这句话指出边写边修改是写作的坏习惯,与B的说法一致。
C,忽略语法错误。从第二段举出的第一个假设可知,忽略语法错误恰好是实现流畅写作的方法,而非妨碍因素。
D,设法抓住稍纵即逝的想法。,文中提到correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die,意思是写作时如果想要纠正语法,那么想法很可能会消失。抓住稍纵即逝的想法实际上是写作的第一步,而修改语法是其妨碍因素。