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Part IWriting （30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Applying for a Position of a Lab Technician.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
美国一家生命科学研究中心招聘实验员。你是哈工大（威海）生物工程系大四的学生，符合应聘条件，并有意应聘该职。请就此写一封申请信。
Applying for a Position of a Lab Technician
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Universities Branch Out
As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.
Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, post-doctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, post-doctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.
For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.
American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.
Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. From the first paragraph we know that present –day universities have become___________.
[A] more and more research-oriented [B] in-service training organizations
[C] more popularized than ever before [D] a powerful force for global integration
2．Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased___________.
[A] by 2.5 million [B] by 800,000
[C] at an annual rate of 3.9 percent [D] at an annual rate of 8 percent
3．In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?
[A] 10%. [B] 20%. [C] 30%. [D] 38%.
4．How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?
[A] They organize a series of seminars on world economy.
[B] They offer them various courses in international politics.
[C] They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.
[D] They give them chances for international study or internship.
5．An example illustrating the general trend of universities’ globalization is___________.
[A] Yale’s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research
[B] Yale’s helping Chinese universities to launch research projects
[C] Yale’s student exchange program with European institutions
[D] Yale’s establishing branch campuses throughout the world
6．What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?
[A] It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.
[B] It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.
[C] It was intentionally created by Stanford University.
[D] It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.
7．What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?
[A] It has increased by 3 percent. [B] It has been unsteady for years.
[C] It has been more than sufficient.[D] It doubled between 1998 and 2003.
8．The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by _________________________.
9．Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will ________________.
10．The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and ______________________.
