abroad ad. ①在国外 ②广为流传
　　例：She worked abroad for a year. 她在国外工作了一年。There was news abroad that a job change in the company was coming. 盛传公司内部即将进行工作变动。搭配：at home and abroad 国内外：He was famous, both at home and abroad. 他享誉国内外。get abroad 传开：The happy tidings soon got abroad. 喜讯不久就传播开了。拓展：aboard prep. 在(船、飞机、车)上;上(船、飞机、车);ad. 在船(飞机、车)上，上船(飞机、车)

　　absent a. ①不在的，缺席的 ②心不在焉的;v. 缺席
　　例：Love was totally absent from his childhood. 他童年时没有受到丝毫的疼爱。She had an absent look on her face. 她看起来心不在焉。absent without leave 擅离职守：Because of absenting without leave, he was fired by the company. 他由于擅离职守被开除了。搭配：absent yourself 不在场，缺席：He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有出席会议。拓展：absently ad. 漫不经心地，心不在焉地;absentee n. 缺席者，缺勤者

　　听力扩展：
　　A: You know there is an important meeting this morning and the general manager doesn’t like people absent without any reasons.
　　B: No reasons? You are uncomfortable is the reason. I can’t understand why you guys always love working and forget your body. Money is not everything.
　　A: OK. I know you care about my health. I will ask for time off and see the doctor this afternoon.
　　A：你知道上午有个重要会议，总经理不喜欢有人无故缺席。
　　B：无故?不舒服就是个理由。我实在不懂你们这些人为什么总是工作起来就忘了自己的健康。钱不是万能啊。
　　A：好啦。我知道你关心我的身体，我下午会请假去看医生的。

　　access n. ①通道，入口 ②接近;v. ①存取(计算机文件)②到达，进入
　　例：There is no access to the street through that door. 那个门不通向大街。This scientist accessed enormous different files to find the correct information. 为了查找信息，这位科学家在计算机上查阅了大量文档。搭配：have access to sth. 有机会，有权利干……事：Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会获得良好的信息资源。拓展：accessary n. 同谋;accessible a. 易达到的;accessibility n. 易接近，可到达

　　acquire v. ①获得，得到;②养成 ③购得
　　例：The company has recently acquired new offices in central London. 公司最近在伦敦市中心购买了新办公室。I have recently acquired a taste for olives. 我最近开始喜欢吃橄榄了。搭配：an acquired taste 养成的爱好：Abstract art is an acquired taste. 要慢慢培养才会欣赏抽象艺术。acquire knowledge of 求得……的知识：We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English. 必须努力学习才能精通英语。拓展：acquirement n. ①获得，学得 ②[pl.] 学识，技艺

　　adapt v. ①使适应，使适合 ②改编，改写
　　例：People adapt to changing circumstances—even to wealth or a disability. 人们必须适应变化的环境，面对财富或残疾亦应如此。Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 她的三部小说已改编为电视剧。搭配：adapt to 适应：You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in. 在社会中生活，就要遵循社会行为准则。adapt for 适宜(为……改编)：Difficult books are sometimes adapted for use in schools. 偏难的书籍有时候是为学校使用而改编的。拓展：adaptation n. 改编，适应，改写本

　　alter v. ①改变，更改 ②修改(衣服更合身)
　　例：I’ll have to alter the diagram. I’ve made a mistake. 我得修改图表，出了点儿错。She is trying to alter the coat. 她正设法改那件衣服。搭配：alter ego 密友：He was my alter ego; we were always picking up each other’s thoughts. 他是我最好的朋友，我们总能明白对方的心思。alter mode 变更方式：You have to alter your mode of living. 你得改变生活方式。拓展：alternatively ad. 二者择一地,作为选择
　　听力扩展： Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline—a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T　shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business.幸运的是，莫拉有救命稻草——她有一帮女性朋友，经常聚在一起讨论生活。她们热烈的讨论促使莫拉对生活做点小小的改变。她加入了相邻小镇的健身活动，她剪短头发改变了形象，买了新的黑色T恤衫。最终，莫拉鼓起勇气辞去工作，开始个人创业。【注】lifeline n. 救生索，生命线;spur v. 鞭策，激励;gym n. 体育活动，体育馆

　　apart ad. ①分开 ②相隔;a. 分开的
　　例：We had to take the engine apart. 我们不得不卸下引擎。We are living apart now. 我们分开过了。搭配：apart from 除……以外：I have finished apart from the last question. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。set apart 保留：A room was set apart for the purpose. 专门为此留出了一个房间。tell apart 辨别(区分)：The twins are so alike; it’s impossible to tell them apart. 这对双胞胎长得太像了，简直无法区分。拓展：apartment n. 一套公寓房间
　　听力扩展：
　　A: How long will you be staying here?
　　B: About two weeks.
　　A: That’ll be enough to see Beijing.
　　B: I hope so. Apart from tourist attractions，what can I see?
　　A: Um, Laoshe Teahouse will be a good choice.
　　B: What’s special about it?
　　A: You can watch Chinese traditional performance while drinking tea.
　　B: Sounds very interesting. Thank you!
　　A：你要在这儿呆多长时间?
　　B：大约两个星期。
　　A：那就有时间在北京到处看看啦。
　　B：希望如此。除了旅游景点，还有什么地方值得一看?
　　A：嗯，老舍茶馆不错。
　　B：它有什么特别的吗?
　　A：你可以一边喝茶一边观看传统中式表演。
　　B：听起来很有意思。谢谢!

　　appeal n. ①请求，呼吁 ②上诉 ③吸引力;v. ①求助，要求 ②控诉
　　例：The game has lost its appeal. 这种游戏已引不起人们的兴趣。Five times he appealed the case, always losing. 他上诉五次，都失败了。搭配：appeal to sb. 呼吁：By appealing to his better nature, we persuaded him to change his mind. 我们唤醒了他的良知，劝他改变了主意。appeal against 提起上诉：She will appeal against the judge’s decision. 她要对判决提出上诉。make an appeal to sb. 呼吁：President Lee made an appeal to help the poor. 李总统呼吁大家帮助穷人。拓展：appealing a. 恳求的，哀诉的
　　听力扩展：
　　A: You can appeal if you’re not satisfied with the sentence.
　　B: Where do I appeal?
　　A: A higher level court.
　　B: What is the chance of winning the case if I appeal?
　　A: I’m not going to lie to you. Not very big.
　　A：你如果对判决不满，可以提起上诉。
　　B：那我向哪儿上诉呢?
　　A：向上一级法院。
　　B：如果上诉，打赢官司的可能性有多大?
　　A：据实相告，不太大。

　　application n. ①申请 ②应用 ③涂抹
　　例：I didn’t receive an acknowledgement of my application. 我还没有收到有关我的申请的回执。It took three applications of paint to cover the graffiti. 刷了三道油漆才盖住了乱涂乱写的东西。搭配：application form 申请书：Application form can be downloaded here. 申请表格可于这里下载。application of sth. 应用：The new invention would have a wide range of applications in industry. 这项新发明会在工业上得到广泛的应用。拓展：applicant n. 申请人;applied a. 实用的，应用的
　　听力扩展：
　　A: What can I do for you?
　　B: I just came to the university to further my study. I don’t know how to apply for a library card here.
　　A: Well, please fill out this card.
　　B: How long will it take for me to get my card?
　　A: Not long. We’ll process your application and mail you your new card in about a week.
　　B: Oh, thank you very much.
　　A：有什么需要帮助的吗?
　　B：是的，我刚来这所大学进修，不知道如何申请这儿的借书证。
　　A：哦。请填写这张卡片。
　　B：需要多长时间才能拿到借书证?
　　A：用不了多久。大约一星期之内，我们会办理好你的申请，然后把新借书证邮寄给你。
　　B：哦。非常感谢。【注】process v. 加工，处理

　　apply v. ①应用 ②申请
　　例：I advise that they apply to the council for a home improvement grant. 建议他们向市政会申请改善住房的贷款。The new technology was applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。搭配：apply to 适用于，运用于：The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race, creed or colour. 法律适用于所有的人, 不分种族、 信仰或肤色。apply oneself to do sth. 努力学习，勤奋工作：You would pass your exam if you applied yourself. 努力学习就会通过考试。
　　听力扩展：
　　A: Excuse me, I lost my metro card. What should I do?
　　B: I’m sorry. The metro card is non-registered. You should apply for a new one.
　　A: OK. I want to do that now. By the way, if my card breaks, can I replace it?
　　B: Yes, you can exchange it if you take your receipt to Fuxingmen station.
　　A：您好，我的地铁卡丢了，怎么办?
　　B：抱歉。卡片是不记名的。你得再办一张。
　　A：好吧，我要再办一张。还有，如果卡坏了，可以换吗?
　　B：可以拿收据到复兴门地铁站换。【注】metro card 地铁卡;receipt n. 收据

　　approve v. ①赞成，同意 ②批准，通过(计划、提案、要求等)
　　例：She thought for a moment and then approved. 她略加沉思，就同意了。The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了该项建筑计划。The course is approved by the Department of Education. 课程已经获得教育部核准。搭配：approve of 赞成，称许：My parents don’t approve of my smoking cigarettes. 我父母不允许我吸烟。拓展：approval n. ①赞成，同意 ②批准，认可;approving a. 赞成的，同意的
　　听力扩展：
　　A: Did you find that Lily and Tom often go out for lunch together recently?
　　B: Ha-ha. What’s your opinion about such relationship?
　　A: Actually, I neither object to it nor support it.
　　B: Wow, neutral! Good!
　　A: How about you?
　　B: I do not approve office ladies to have such relationship with male colleagues. I think this kind of relationship will go out of our control, and will harm our career, even may influence our life.
　　A：你有没有发现莉莉和汤姆最近经常一起共进午餐?
　　B：哈哈。你怎么看这种关系呢?
　　A：事实上，我既不反对，也不支持。
　　B：哦，中立，不错!
　　A：你呢?
　　B：我不赞成办公室女职员与男同事发生类似的关系。这种关系一旦失控，会伤害我们事业的发展，甚至影响到我们的生活。【注】neutral a. 中立的