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Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon and have identified three different types of loneliness.
大部分人都会在某个时刻感觉孤独，这种感觉通常只持续几分钟或几个小时的时间。但是有些人的孤独感可能会持续数年的时间。心理学家对这种复杂的现象进行了研究，发现孤独感有三种类型。
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, for example, a divorce or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, it usually does not last for more than a year. Unlike the second type, the third kind of loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many of them think there is little or nothing they can do about it.
第一种类型的孤独感是暂时的。这种孤独感通常很快就会消失，而且不需要特别注意。第二种是情景性孤独感，这是一种特定情境产生的自然结果，比如离婚或搬家等情境。虽然这种孤独感可能引发身体上的问题，不过这一孤独感的持续时间不会超过一年。与第二种孤独感不同，第三种孤独感通常会持续两年以上，而且没有具体原因。经历习惯性孤独感的人有社交问题，很难接近他人。不幸的是，这类人通常认为他们对此没有什么解决办法。
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, for example, friends, family members, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
心理学家认为，造成孤独感的其中一个重要因素是一个人的社会交往，比如和朋友或家人的交往。由于各种原因，我们依赖很多人。举个例子，我们的家人给我们情感支持，我们的朋友和我们有共同的兴趣，和我们一起进行各种活动。但是，心理学家发现，社会交往的数量不是造成孤独感的唯一原因。更重要的是，我们希望自己进行社会交往的数量是多少。换句话说，孤独的人可能有很多社会交往，可是他们感觉他们应该有更多的社会交往。他们质疑自己的人气。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
问题20到问题22依据你刚刚听到的短文进行提问。
Questions 23. What does the speaker say about situational loneliness?
问题23. 说话者介绍了情景性孤独感的什么情况？
Questions 24. What problem will people have if they experience habitual loneliness?
问题24. 如果人们经历了习惯性孤独感，会有什么问题？
Questions 25. Why do some people suffer loneliness according to psychologists?
问题25. 心理学家认为什么人们会经历孤独感？
译文属可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载
