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听力文本：
Passage One
短文一
At Christmas, a family gathered around the Christmas tree, showing how much they love each other, through the presents they give.
圣诞节期间，家人会相聚在圣诞树下互赠礼物表达对彼此的爱意。
In Christmas-celebrating nations, millions of pounds a year are spent on corporate Christmas gifts.
在庆祝圣诞节的国家，企业每年在圣诞礼物的花费都会高达数百万英磅。
Companies want to strengthen the relationship they have with other businesses or with customers,
企业想要加强和其他商业伙伴及顾客的关系，
and gifts create a feeling of obligation, which ties them together for the rest of the year.
礼物成为未来二者紧密合作的象征。
Corporate giving is also a form of "impression management",
公司赠送礼物也是一种印象管理，
where organizations try to control the image that clients and business partners think of them, through their choice of gift.
通过选择的礼物来影响客户以及商业伙伴对公司的印象。
Giving presents is also about showing you care, and that you know and understand someone.
赠送礼物也可以表达你的关心，意味着你知道并了解他人。
That's true in the home, which is one reason why choosing the perfect gift is so hard.
对家庭来说亦是如此，因此，选择一份合适的礼物并非易事。
And it's true in business as well.
商界也不例外。
Companies use their corporate Christmas gifts to show they value their relationship with customers and partners.
通过圣诞礼物可以看出企业对顾客或商业伙伴的重视程度。
But it's not all good. Gift-giving can also make us feel insecure or cause bad feeling.
送礼也会带来烦恼。礼物会让我们产生不安全感甚至厌恶。
Will we give too little, and receive something better in return?
我们赠送的礼物普通，收回的礼物贵重怎么办？
That could make us embarrassed or ashamed.
这会让我们感到尴尬或难为情。
Or will we give too much, and make the receiver of our gifts feel bad?
或者送礼过于大方，收礼的人过意不去？
Sociologists and anthropologists have studied gift exchange for many years.
社会学家和人类学家历时多年研究礼物互赠的问题。
Marcel Mauss was a famous sociologist, who, in the 1920s,
马瑟·牟斯是著名的社会学家，20世纪20年代，
studied a type of gift-giving festival among people in North America.
他对圣诞节期间北美洲人互赠礼物的行为进行了研究。
He found that the people try to "outgive" each other, with more and more expensive presents,
他发现人们总是希望自己送出的礼物比收到的礼物更加体面，
until eventually some people can't compete and give up.
直到有一方不再继续这一过程。
They lose face, and are left feeling subordinated to the gift-giver who "won" the exchange.
他们会觉得丢脸，会觉得比送礼贵重的人低人一等。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
问题16至问题18是基于你刚刚听到的这篇文章
Question 16. What's the purpose of giving out corporate Christmas gifts?
问题16 圣诞节，公司赠送礼物的目的是什么？
Question 17. What should a company bear in mind when choosing the gifts?
问题17 公司选择礼物要时刻牢记什么？
Question 18. What did Marcel Mauss study find?
问题18 马瑟·牟斯的研究发现了什么？
译文属可可原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经允许不得转载
