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Lesson 8
第八课
maintain
vt. 维持；维修；坚持；赡养
We need to do adequate exercises and eat proper food in order to maintain our health.
为了保持健康，我们要适当运动、合理饮食。
survive
vi. 幸存 vt. 从…逃出；从…中挺过来；比…活得长
Few survived (after) the plane crash.
幸免于空难的人极少。（飞机失事后生还者极少。）
minimum
a. 最小的 n. 最低限度，最少量
How many people know that a dancer with the New York City Ballet wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes every year?
有多少人知道一个纽约市芭蕾舞团的演员每年至少穿破200双芭蕾舞鞋？
modest
a. 谦虚的；适中的；羞怯的
If you seem unduly modest about your success in job interviews, you will be considered incompetent and may be rejected.
如果求职面试时你对自己所获得的成功显得过分谦虚，就会被认为没有能力，还可能会被拒绝（落选）。
stock
n. 库存；股票；世系；汤汁；(总称)家畜 v. 储备 a. 常备的
The New York stock exchange crashed in 1929.
纽约股票交易所于1929年大崩盘。
assume
vt. 假定；担任；呈现
Assuming that you memorize ten words every day, it won't take you long to keep all those new words in mind.
假设你每天记10个单词，你很快就能把那些新单词全部记住。
crime
n. 罪，犯罪
Police prevent and detect crime while the courts punish crime.
防止及侦察犯罪是警察的事，而惩罚犯罪是法庭的事。
distinct
a. 有区别的；清楚的；明确的
Mozart's style is quite distinct from Haydn's.
莫扎特的风格与海顿的风格截然不同。
sufficient
a. 足够的，充分的
Many people working and living in the city don't have sufficient sleep.
很多在城市工作和居住的人睡眠都不充足。
approximate
a. 近似的 v.（to）接近，估计
According to an approximate estimate, about 40 percent of Chinese Internet surfers have experienced Internet love.
根据大约估计，有近40%的中国网民经历过网恋。
display
n./vt. 陈列，展览；显示
The peacock will display its beautiful tail feathers when it notices any gay colours.
孔雀看到鲜艳的颜色就会开屏（展示漂亮的尾部羽毛）。
reaction
n. 反应，反作用；（against）反动
What's your reaction to the rumors about you?
你对有关你的谣言有何反应？
comment
n. 评论；闲话 vt. 评论
When the love scandal between Clinton and Lewinsky was revealed, not many Americans liked to comment on it.
当克林顿和莱温斯基的性丑闻曝光时，并没有很多美国人喜欢评论此事。
artificial
a. 人造的；矫揉造作的
This fruit juice absolutely contains no artificial flavouring or colouring.
这种果汁绝不含人造香精和色素。
contrast
n. 对比；反差 v. 对比
Writers like to contrast good with evil.
作家喜欢用美好与邪恶形成对比。
contribute
v. 捐款；（to）促成；投稿
Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.
多呼吸新鲜空气对健康有益。
sole
a. 单独的，唯一的；独有的 n. 脚底
I never like to follow any tourist guide when I travel, because the sole concern of a tourist guide is to cover all spots according to a strict schedule.
我旅游从来就不喜欢跟着导游走，因为导游唯一考虑的就是按照一成不变的日程安排走过所有的景点
attain
vt. 达到
We have to make sustaining efforts to attain our goal.
为了达到目标，我们必须做出不懈的努力。
observe
vt. 注意到；观察；评说；遵守
It is easy to observe the great changes in the city.
这个城市的巨大变化显而易见。
observation
n. 观察；言论；(常pl.)观察资料；观察力
He is a man of keen observation.
他是一个具有敏锐观察力的人。
growth
n. 增长，增长量；生长，生长物
Confidence is a plant of slow growth.
信心是一株生长缓慢的幼苗。
neglect
vt./n. 忽略；疏忽
It's quite common that career women neglect their families and their children.
职业女性忽略家庭和孩子的现象很常见。
deny
vt. 否认；拒绝给予
Beckham denied having an affair with the young woman./ Beckham denied that he had an affair with the young woman.
贝克汉姆否认与那年轻女子有染。
miserable
a. 痛苦的；令人难受的
It's raining nonstop-what miserable weather!
雨下个不停，多烦人的天气！
opportunity
n. 机会
reality
n. 现实；真实
It takes time for a dream to become a reality.
梦想变成现实需要时间。
consequently
ad. 所以
So the story goes: at the first two false alarms the boy gave, people in the village got fooled, and consequently no one came when the real wolf was approaching him however hard he cried for help.
故事是这样的：那男孩起初发了两次假警报，村里的人都上当受骗，所以当真的有狼来的时候，不管他喊救命喊得有多起劲，谁也不来救他了。
relieve
vt. 使轻松；减轻；使得到调剂；接替
The painkillers can only relieve your pain. You need other medicine to cure your disease.
止痛药只能减轻疼痛。要治好病，还需要其他药物。
relief
n. 轻松；缓解；使得到调剂；接替
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.
听说通过了考试，我感到轻松多了。
contrary
a.（to）相反的 n. (the ~)相反事物
Many things in our life are often contrary to our expectation.
我们生活中很多事情经常事与愿违。
pitch
n. 球场；程度；音高；沥青 vt. 投掷；使猛然倒下；表达；定调；架设 vi. 投掷；猛然倒下；颠簸
As the pitcher in a baseball game, it is important to pitch the ball well.
棒球赛中投手把球投好至关重要。
toss
vt. 抛；猛抬（头）；拌；（up）掷（钱币）；使摇动 vi.（up）掷钱币来决定；翻来覆去 n. 掷钱币来决定；猛抬头
Let's toss (up)/toss a coin to decide who will pay the bill.
我们抛硬币决定谁付账吧。
insert
vt. 插入，嵌入
When you draw money from an ATM, you should insert your debit card first.
当你要从自动提款机上取钱时，首先得插入你的借记卡。
impose
vt. （on）把…强加于；征（税等）
You can express your opinion, but don't try to impose your ideas on others.
你可以发表意见，但不要试图把自己的想法强加给别人。
plunge
vi. 纵身投入；猛冲；猛跌 vt. 把…投入；遭受 n. 投身入水；猛跌
Firemen plunged into the burning building to rescue people.
消防员冲进正在燃烧的大楼救人。
adjust
vt. 调整 vi.（to）适应
Astronauts in flight must adjust (themselves) to weightlessness.
宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重。
harm
n./vt. 伤害，损害
Jealousy does more harm than witchcraft.
嫉妒比魔法更害人。
spite
n. 恶意，怨恨
I think he said that out of/from spite.
我觉得他说那话是出于恶意的。
dim
a. 昏暗的；朦胧的 v.（使）变模糊
Reading in dim light does harm to the eyes.
在昏暗的光线下看书对眼睛有害。
delivery
n. 投递；投递的邮件；分娩；演讲
The firm stopped free home delivery.
公司停止了免费送货上门的服务。
inform
vt. 通知 vi.（against, on）告发
replace
vt. 取代；更换；把…放回原处
You'll have to replace those tyres; they're badly worn.
你必须更换这些轮胎，它们磨损得太厉害了。
accomplish
vt. 完成，实现
Are you content to be a person who will never accomplish anything?
你甘心做一个永远一事无成的人吗？
surround
vt. 包围；围绕
The campus of Oxford University is not surrounded by walls.
牛津大学校园是没有围墙的。
circumstance
n. 环境；(pl.)形势
Under no circumstances will I betray my friends.
在任何情况下我都决不背叛我的朋友。
generate
vt. 产生；引起
A lot of publicity was used to generate interest in the new film.
媒体对这部新影片做了大量宣传以引起公众的兴趣。
create
vt. 创造；引起
"Snoopy", a lovely little dog created by Charles Schulz in his comic strip Peanuts, has now become a popular cartoon character known all over the world.
"史努比"是查尔斯?舒尔茨在他的漫画《小人物》（或《花生》）中创造出来的一只可爱的小狗，如今成了闻名于世界的一个受欢迎的卡通形象。
creative
a. 有创造力的
Modern education attaches great importance to cultivating a new creative generation.
现代教育非常重视培育有创造力的新一代。
fade
vi. 褪去；变微弱；凋谢 vt. 使褪色
The memory of happiness and sufferings in our childhood will never fade in our minds.
童年时代欢乐和苦楚的回忆永远不会从我们的脑子里消失。
thorough
a. 彻底的；仔细周到的
A thorough search has been carried out for the lost pilot, but it was in vain.
人们仔细地寻找过失踪的飞行员，可是没有找到。
procedure
n. 程序，步骤
Registering for marriage is no longer a very complicated procedure in China.
在中国登记结婚不再是很复杂的程序。
process
n. 过程；工序；（法律）程序 vt. 加工，处理
Building a car is a long process.
制造一辆小汽车有很长的工序。
activity
n. 活动；活跃
Do you think extracurricular activities will take up too much of our precious time for study?
你认为课外活动会占去我们很多宝贵的学习时间吗？
participate
vi.（in）参加
College students are expected to participate in discussions in the class.
大学课堂上希望学生参加讨论。
cliff
n. 悬崖
The White Cliffs of Dover have caves and tunnels originally used by smugglers.
多佛市（英国港口）的白垩崖有很多岩洞和隧洞，原为走私者所用。
respectively
ad. 各自地
The College English Test Band 4 is held annually in June and December respectively.
大学英语4级考试分别在每年的6月份和1月份举行。
reasonable
a. 通情达理的；合理的；公道的；过得去的
I will accept your proposal if your budget is reasonable.
如果你的预算合理的话，我就接受你的提议。
specific
a. 特定的；明确的 n. (pl.)详情
Instructions for a nation-wide test must be specific.
全国统考的考试指令必须详细而明确。
specialize
vi.（in）专攻
The more rapidly the economy develops, the more our environment is threatened. Therefore we need better research centers that specialize in ecology.
经济发展的速度越快，我们的环境受到的威胁越大，也就需要更好的专攻生态学的研究中心。
usage
n. 使用，用法；惯用法
Languages develop continually through usage.
语言在使用中不断发展。
utility
n. 功用，效用；(常pl.)公用事业
Railroads, bus lines, gas and electric companies are public utilities.
铁路、公共汽车、煤气和电力公司都是公用事业。
stable
a. 稳定的；沉稳的 n. 马厩
Only one year after graduation could he get a stable job in a bank.
毕业一年后他才在一家银行找到了一份稳定的工作。
abolish
vt. 彻底废除
Some superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible.
有些迷信做法应尽早废除。
abundant
a. 大量的；（in）富裕的
We have abundant proof of his innocence.
我们有充分的证据证明他是无辜的。
cabinet
n. 内阁；陈列柜
In Britain, members of the Cabinet are chosen by the Prime Minister.
在英国，内阁成员是由首相挑选的。
candidate
n. 申请求职者；投考者；候选人
There were a large number of candidates for the job.
有许多求职者申请这份工作。
capable
a. 有能力的
Not everyone is capable of judging art.
并不是每个人都有鉴赏艺术的能力。
decay
vi. 腐烂；衰落 n. 腐烂；衰败状态
Dentists advise their patients to brush and floss regularly to prevent their teeth from decaying.
牙医建议他们的病人定期刷牙并用洁牙线剔牙，以防止蛀牙。
economy
n. 经济；节约
You should learn to practice economy in making out the household budget.
你应当在制订家庭预算时学会精打细算。
faithful
a. 忠诚的；尽职的；如实的
If you want your friends to be faithful to you, you must first be a faithful friend to them.
如果你希望你的朋友对你忠诚，你自己首先必须是他们忠实的朋友。
identical
a.（to, with）相同的
My opinions are not always identical with my parents'.
我的意见并不总是和父母的意见相同。
lag
vi. 走得慢 n. 滞后，间隔
The tortoise lagged behind the rabbit when they recompeted in the race.
龟兔重新赛跑时，乌龟远远地落在兔子后面。
negative
a. 否定的；消极的；负的n. 底片；负数
I didn't do well in the interview with Uni-Liver and I am afraid of getting a negative response.
我到联合利华公司的面试不理想，现在真害怕收到否定的答复。
parade
n. 游行，检阅 v.（使）列队行进
Some of the audience began to scream when the Italian football team paraded the football field.
当意大利足球队列队出场时，一些观众尖叫起来。
rack
n. 挂架 vt. 使痛苦；使努力
Although I racked my brains, I couldn't get the right answer.
我绞尽脑汁也想不出答案。
rare
a. 稀有的；珍奇的；稀薄的；煎得嫩的
The panda is a rare animal in the world.
熊猫是世界上一种稀有动物。
raw
a. 自然状态的；生的；未经分析的；生疏无知的；露肉而刺痛的
Coal and oil are important raw materials for the manufacture of plastics.
煤和石油是塑料制品的重要原料。
sacrifice
n. 牺牲；献祭；祭品 vt. 牺牲；献祭
Success in your job is not worth the sacrifice of your health.
以牺牲健康来求得工作上的成功是不值得的。
salary
n. 薪水
Computer engineers at IBM are people with high salaries.
IBM公司的电脑工程师都是些高收入者。
wage
n. (常pl.)工资 vt. 开始
People are beginning to wage war on pollution.
人们开始向污染宣战。
