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Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution, which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.
1. This passage implies that war is now ___.
A. worse than in the past.
B. as bad as in the past
C. not so dangerous as in the past
D. as necessary as in the past
2. In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind” (Para 1), “this” refers to ___.
A. abolish war
B. improve weapons
C. solve international problems
D. live a peaceful life
3. From Paragraph 2 we learn that the author of the passage ___.
A. is an adherent of some modern ideologies.
B. does not think that adoption of any ideology could prevent war.
C. believe that the adoption of some ideology could prevent war.
D. does not doubt the truth of any ideologies.
4. According to the author, ___.
A. war is the only way to solve international disputes.
B. war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons.
C. it is impossible for the people to live without war.
D. war must be abolished if man wants to survive.
5. The last paragraph suggests that ___.
A. international agreements can be reached more easily now.
B. man begins to realize the danger of nuclear war.
C. nuclear war will definitely not take place.
D. world opinion welcomes nuclear war
