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Passage One
短文一
Children with autism have difficulty with social skills and communication.
自闭症儿童缺乏社交沟通技能。
They often behave in restricted and repetitive ways and have what seem to be like abnormally interests.
他们表现方式有限，常常做重复的动作，对事物表现出反常的兴趣。
Autism is more common in boys than girls. What causes it is not clear.
自闭症患者中，男孩比女孩更普遍，而导致自闭症的原因尚不清楚。
Scientists are studying genes and possible environmental influences.
科学家想通过研究基因和环境影响方面找到原因。
Doctors usually cannot confirm a diagnosis of autism until a child is about three years old.
医生只有到患儿满三岁之后才可以确诊。
Rebecca Landa is a researcher at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Maryland.
丽贝卡·兰达是肯尼迪·克里格研究所和马里兰约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的研究人员。
Professor Landa wanted to find out what differences in development might be seen earlier.
兰达教授希望找出能够更早确诊的异常症状。
She led a new study that observed 235 babies between 6 and 36 months of age.
她在235个6—36个月大的婴儿中做了一项新研究。
By the time a baby is one year old,
患自闭症的儿童的可能症状是：
signs of possible autism include difficulty in using words and not looking eye-to-eye or reacting to other people.
在一岁时在言语表达、与人进行眼神交流、对外界反应方面存在困难。
By 14 months, the baby might smile less and use language less.
到14个月时，他们会笑得更少，更少讲话。
However, Professor Landa says these signs can be so small that they might be missed during a short health exam.
但兰达教授说，这些迹象不是那么明显以至于在短时间的健康检查中可能会被漏查。
"It's important for parents to notice their children's development,
父母观察孩子的成长过程十分重要，
and if a parent is concerned about a child's development, turn to the professionals.
如果父母对其成长有所担忧，应当去寻求专业人士的帮助。
The earlier parents notice delays, the sooner they can begin doing simple things that may help improve their child's development.
父母对这些迟钝现象发现得越早，他们就可以越早采取一些简单的方式帮助他们的孩子发育。
For example: talking to the child about what they are doing,
“比如：父母可以通过与自闭症患儿谈论他们正在做的事，
commenting when the child shows them something, and playing simple games to keep the child's attention." she says.
对儿童展示给父母看的东西做出评价，以及与他们玩一些简单的游戏来吸引其注意力。”她说。
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
问题9到问题12是基于刚才你所听到的这篇文章
9. According to the passage, what symptoms may autistic children have?
根据短文内容，自闭症儿童会表现出什么症状？
10. Why is it difficult to screen out the autistic children during a short health exam?
简短的健康检查为什么会漏查出自闭症儿童？
11. What should parents do to help children improve their development?
父母应该如何帮助孩子更好地成长发育？
12. What do we know about autism according to the passage?
根据短文内容我们对于自闭症了解到了什么？
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