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Good evening. Everyone ready? Okay. Tonight we will discuss some of the details of the modem printing process. Let's welcome Professor Lee.
晚上好，大家准备好了吗？好。今天我们将讨论现代印刷方法的一些细节。欢迎李教授。
Good evening. Thank you for inviting me here. Tonight I will begin with the changes in the printing process introduced in the 19th century. First of all, we should know the first step a 19th-century printer had to do in order to print something. Okay, the first step in the 19th-century printing process was to create the typeset. Let me explain. By the 19th century, printers began using what we now call the hot metal typeset. Hot metal typesetting is a method, um, of creating a relief printing surface by injecting a molten metal alloy into a matrix. You may ask, "What's an alloy?" Hmm. An alloy is simply a mixture of metals to create a new metal. Anyways, this alloy was typically an alloy of lead, tin, and a small amount of antimony. It was pioneered by the companies Monotype and Linotype in the late 19th century, and their typesetting machines dominated the industry for the 20th century. Remember, computers weren't commonplace in the printing industry until the 1980s. Anyways, moving along, the Linotype machine uses a 90-character keyboard to create an entire line of metal type at once. This allows much faster printing than with the Gutenburg-style system, um, in which operators placed down one letter at a time. The machine revolutionized newspaper publishing, making it possible for a relatively small number of operators to set type for many pages on a daily basis.
晚上好。谢谢您的邀请。今晚我将从19世纪引入的印刷方法中的改变开始说起。首先，我们得知道一个19世纪的印刷机在印刷时需要做的第一件事。好，19世纪印刷过程所要做的第一步是创建一个排版。我来解释一下。19世纪时，印刷厂开始使用我们现在称之为热金属排版的方法。热金属排版是一种，嗯，往模型中注入溶态金属合金来创造凸版印刷表面的方法。你可能会问“什么是合金？”嗯，合金就是把金属混在一起创造出的新金属。总之，这种合金一般由铅、锡以及少量锑混合而成。这是由蒙纳公司和连诺公司在19世纪末共同发起的，而且它们的排版机在20世纪控制了整个行业。记住，直到20世纪80年代电脑才成为印刷产业的普遍方法。不管怎样，继续说，连诺排字机用一个有90个字符的键盘能快速完成整行内容的排版。这种印刷法比古腾堡印刷法快了许多，嗯，操作员在那种印刷方法下，一次只能放一个字母。这种机器让报纸出版发生了革命性改变，使得少量操作员在一天内排版大量页数成为可能。
You mean this was the first new printing process since Gutenburg?
你是说自古腾堡印刷法以后，这是第一种新的印刷方法？
Correct. Let me explain how it works. This new process was produced by Ottmar Mergenthaler in 1886. His Linotype machine was 2.1 meters tall. First of all, a typesetter would put the letter molds to be used to form a line on a page.
是的。我来解释一下它是如何工作的。这种新方法是由Ottmar Mergenthaler在1886年制作的。他发明的连诺排字机高2.1米。首先，排字工人把一行内容需要用到的字母模型放在一页上。
Once an entire line of molds was assembled, the machine poured molten type metal into the stacked-up molds. This produced a complete line of type in reverse, so it would read properly when used to transfer ink onto paper. The lines of type were then assembled by hand into a page. But the most difficult process was punch cutting. The cutting of letter punches was a highly-skilled craft requiring much patience and practice. This was almost never done with cutting tools, so they used what is called a counterpunch, which is a type of punch used in the cutting of other punches. I hope I didn't confuse anyone. Does everyone get this?
一整行的字母模型都放好以后，机器会将融化的铅字合金倒在层叠的模型上。这样就产生了反向的一整行内容，那么再把油墨转印到纸张上时读起来就是正确的方向。每一行的内容都是用手摆放整齐，最后形成一页。但是最困难的过程是穿孔切割。印记冲模的切割是一项高技术手艺，需要极大的耐心和练习。用切割工具很难完成，所以他们使用了一种名为反钻孔机的机器，它本是用于切割其他凿子的钻孔机。希望我的说法没有让大家困惑。大家都听懂了吗？
Question 16. What is the first step of printing process in the 19th century?
问题16 19世纪印刷方法的第一步是什么？
Question 17. What can we know about Linotype machine according to Professor Lee?
问题17 根据李教授，我们对连诺排字机有什么了解？
Question 18. What do we know about punch cutting?
问题18 我们对穿孔切割有什么了解？
译文属可可原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经允许不得转载
