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Vitamin D is an essential vitamin required by the body for the absorption of calcium, bone development, immune functioning and alleviation of inflammation. Vitamin D comes from the sun and from some foods like nuts, lentils and fatty fish. Researchers have found that low levels of vitamin D could be related to dementia and Alzheimer's disease, one of the most common forms of dementia. Alzheimer's disease can be exhausting for caregivers and frightening to those who have it. People with Alzheimer's disease said "The worst thing that I found was I was getting lost in the car, not just forgetting where I was going, I wouldn't know where I was."
The World Health Organization estimates that more than 47 million people suffer from dementia, with about 60 percent of them in low and middle income countries, countries with the least ability to cope.
U.S. researchers studied older adults and measured both their vitamin D levels and their cognitive ability, that is, the ability to remember things and to process thoughts.
Some of the subjects had outright dementia, some had mild cognitive impairment and some had what we would call normal cognitive functioning. The researchers found that about 60 percent of the group was low in vitamin D. Those who had dementia also had lower vitamin D status than those who had mild cognitive impairment or who had normal cognitive functioning.
Those low in vitamin D showed more short-term memory loss, as well as less ability to organize thoughts and make decisions. They were declining about two-and-a-half times faster than those who had adequate vitamin D.
While this study shows that vitamin D seems to play a role in slowing the onset of dementia, more studies are needed to see if vitamin D supplements can help slow this decline.
Question 19. What can we know about Vitamin D according to the lecture?
Question 20. What do we know about dementia according to the lecture?
Question 21. What do the studies by U.S. researchers suggest?
维生素D是人体所必需的一种维生素，有利于钙质吸收、骨骼生长、免疫功能以及减轻炎症。维生素D来源于太阳和一些食物，比如坚果、扁豆和多脂鱼。研究人员发现维生素D含量过低可能与痴呆和阿兹海默病有关，阿兹海默病是痴呆最常见的形式之一。阿兹海默病会让看护人员精疲力尽，让患者惊恐不已。阿兹海默病患者说“我发现最糟糕的情况是我在车里迷路了，不仅是忘记我要去哪里，我连自己在哪儿都不知道。”
世界卫生组织预计，有4700多万人患有痴呆症，其中大约 60%来自中低收人国家，这些国家解决此问题的能力最差。
美国研究人员研究了老年人，并测量了他们的维生素D含量和认知能力，即记忆能力和思维处理能力。
有些老年人处于完全痴呆状态，有些有轻度认知功能障碍，而有些人有我们所认为的正常认知功能。研究人员发现其中60%的人群维生素D含量都过低。痴呆患者的维生素D含量比那些有轻度认知功能障碍和有正常认知功能的人的含量要低。
维生素D含量低的人表现出短期记忆力缺失以及在整理思绪和做决策等方面能力的不足。他们的衰退速度比维生素D水平足量的人快2.5倍。
虽然这项研究表明维生素D对减缓痴呆发作有重要作用，但是需要做更多研究来明确补充维生素D是否有助于延缓衰退。
问题19 根据这篇演讲，我们可以知道关于维生素D的哪些？
问题20 根据这篇演讲，我们对痴呆了解哪些？
问题21 美国研究人员的研究表明了什么？
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