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Morning, class. Today I've brought in a picture of the human brain, which we are going to look at and discuss in detail. The brain is like our command center for all our daily functions and allows us to cope with our environment. How we communicate with words, actions, thoughts, and feelings are all centered in the brain. Some researchers believe that the brain is so complex and mysterious that we will never be able to fully understand it. Some have even referred to it as a little black box like those found on a plane that contain all the critical and highly confidential information of the flight. It's easiest to think of the brain as three connected parts: the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum.
早上好，同学们。今天我带来了一张人类大脑的图片，我们将仔细观察并好好讨论。大脑就像我们日常生活的指挥中心，让我们知道该做什么。大脑控制着我们如何用语言、动作、思想和感受来交流。有些研究人员认为大脑太过复杂和神秘，我们永远也不可能完全弄懂它。有些人甚至将其称为一个小黑匣子，就像飞机上包含了与飞行相关的所有重要并且高度机密的信息的黑匣子。最简单的方法就是把大脑看做三个互相关联的部分：脑端、脑干和小脑。
Let's start off with the brainstem, which is found at the bottom of the brain. The brainstem has an important role because it controls lots of critical functions including respiration, regulation of the heart rhythms, basic aspects of sound localization.
我们先来说脑干，它位于大脑的底部。脑干很重要，因为它控制了很多重要功能，包括呼吸、心律运作、声源定位的基本方面。
Next, we'll look at the second largest part of the brain—the cerebellum. It is located at the lower back of the head and is attached to the brainstem. It is made up of two hemispheres and its functions are to control complex voluntary motor functions such as walking, balance and posture.
接下来，我们来看大脑的第二大部分——小脑。它位于大脑的后下部，并且与脑干相粘连。它由两个大脑半球构成，小脑的作用是控制复杂的随意运动功能，如行走、平衡和姿势等。
The third and largest part of our brain is the cerebrum. Its associations are conscious thought, movement and sensations such as touch, vision, hearing, judgment, reasoning, problem solving, and emotions.
大脑的第三大部分是脑端。与它相关联的是意识思维、活动和感觉，比如触觉、视觉、听觉、判断、推理、解决问题和情感。
The average weight of an adult human brain is anywhere between 1 and 1.5 kilograms. Some people say that we only use 10% of our brain, but this is just a myth. In fact, we use our entire brain. That being said, we can claim that most people only use a very small fraction of the cognitive potential of their brain. Different cultures have used several methods to improve their cognitive potential such as reading, education, puzzle solving and critical thinking. I hope this brief introduction to the brain helps you understand the brain and its different functions.
成年人大脑的平均重量是1至1.5千克。有人说我们仅用了大脑的 10%，但这是没有根据的。实际上，我们使用整个大脑。话虽如此，但是大多数人仅使用了大脑认知潜能的一小部分。很多文化都采取过诸如阅读、教育、解谜和辩证思维之类的方法来开发大脑的认知潜能。我希望这次对大脑的简单介绍能够帮助你们了解大脑以及它不同的功能。
Question 23. Where is the brainstem located in the brain?
问题23 脑干在大脑的哪个位置？
Question 24. What is the function of the cerebellum?
问题24 小脑的作用是什么？
Question 25. To what extent do people use their brains?
问题25 人们对大脑的利用程度有多少？
