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Passage 2
短文 2
A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through, whether it's sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel.
无论是坚持一项开支计划，还是完成一部伟大的小说，完成任何任务都需要强大的意志力。
And if you want to increase that willpower, a new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it.
如果你想增强意志力，一项新的研究表明，你只要相信自己有这种意志力就行了。
According to the study, what matters most is what we think about our willpower. If we believe it's a finite resource, we act that way.
根据这项研究，最重要的是我们如何看待自己的意志力。如果我们相信这是一种有限的资源，我们就会按照这个想法做。
We feel exhausted and need-breaks between demanding mental tasks. However, people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead.
我们感到疲惫不堪，在繁重的脑力劳动之间需要休息。然而，那些将意志力视为无限资源的人反而会获得能量。
The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study.
研究人员使用心理评估工具来测试研究的有效性。
They asked 1,100 Americans and 1,600 Europeans to grade different statements such as "After a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted, and I must rest to get it refueled again." or "I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired."
研究人员让1100名美国人和1600名欧洲人对不同的陈述进行打分，比如“在经历了一项具有挑战性的脑力活动后，我的精力已经耗尽，我必须休息，以便再次补充能量”或“我可以长时间专注于一项脑力活动而不感到疲倦”。
Although there was little difference between men and women overall, Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks.
尽管男性和女性之间的总体差异不大，但美国人更有可能承认在完成具有挑战性的任务后需要休息。
European participants, on the other hand, claimed they were able to keep going.
另一方面，欧洲的参与者声称他们能够继续工作。
Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it.
基于这些发现，研究人员认为增强意志力的关键在于相信自己有充足的意志力。
"Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave. But these feelings are changeable," they said.
“你对意志力的感觉会影响你的行为方式。但这些感觉是可以改变的。”
"Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development. This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people."
“改变你对自我控制本质的想法可以对性格发展产生积极的影响。这会使得行为和对他人的看法都更健康。”
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据你刚刚听到的短文回答12至15题。
12. What is often necessary for carrying through a task?
12. 完成一项任务通常需要什么？
13. What is the finding of the new study?
13. 这项新研究有什么发现？
14. What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?
14. 与美国参与者相比，我们对欧洲参与者有什么了解？
15. What do the researchers say concerning people's feelings about willpower?
15. 关于人们对意志力的感受，研究人员说了些什么？
