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Now, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good honest reputation, -- even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
信不信由你。人们有时为了维持良好的诚实声誉而撒谎，即使这样做会伤害他们自己。至少这是一组科学家的建议，他们还提供证据证明这一点。
Picture this scenario: you often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report?
想象一下这样的情景：你经常开车上班，每月可以得到最高400英里的补偿。你公司的大多数人每月开车大约300英里。但这个月你开了400英里。你认为在你的费用报告中你要报销多少英里？
The scientist asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today. With surprising results, they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about their number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed.
作为我们今天讨论的研究的一部分，科学家提出了这个确切的问题。结果令人惊讶，他们发现12%的被调查者报告的开车距离比实际数字要短，平均答案是384英里。换句话说，他们谎报了自己的里程数，即使他们会丧失本应得到的钱。
The researchers believe this was to seem honest with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they're concerned about appearing honest and not losing the respect of others- maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.
研究人员认为，这似乎是诚实的假设，即其他人会怀疑高额报销。但为什么人们会捏造数字，损害自己的利益呢？研究人员解释说，许多人非常关心自己的声誉以及别人如何评价他们。如果他们足够在意的话，他们关心的是要表现出诚实，不要失去别人的尊重——也许相比自己真正诚实的意愿更强烈。
The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
研究人员断言，研究结果表明，当人们获得非常有利的结果时，他们预料别人会觉得可疑，因此他们更喜欢撒谎且表现出诚实，而不是说实话且表现得自私。
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agreed there are two main types of lie, selfish liars and liars that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company, while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great.
为什么这项研究很重要？嗯，专家们普遍认为谎言有两种主要类型，自私的说谎者和为他人着想的说谎者。如你所料，第一种是为了私利，比如向保险公司提交欺诈性索赔，而第二种是为了帮助他人或不冒犯他人而撒谎。例如，你明明不喜欢朋友的衣服，却告诉他衣服看起来很棒。
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new, and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie.
但是研究人员提出了第三种谎言：为了保持良好的声誉而撒谎。现在这个假设是新的，一些怀疑论者认为这不是一个全新的谎言类别。
But the findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.
但这些发现对我来说似乎很直观。毕竟，说谎的主要动机之一是增加我们在别人眼中的价值。所以人们很有可能会为了显得诚实而撒谎。
19: What did the team of scientists find in their study?
19：科学家小组在他们的研究中发现了什么？
20: Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?
20：研究人员认为，为什么人们会捏造数字来损害自己的利益？
21: What does the speaker think of the researchers' findings?
21：演讲者如何看待研究者的发现？
