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现代大学英语精读(第2版)第二册:U9B Understanding Society and Culture Through Eating(7)

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With so much cultural importance attached to eating, it is no wonder that food to a large extent is what holds a society together. For example, the rice that is fundamental to the existence of the Malays of Southeast Asia is believed to possess an essential life force; so the ceremonials that mark every stage of life—from birth through coming of age, marriage, and death—involves a symbolic meal of rice. For a Malay, rice is synonymous with food, and its presence is what distinguishes a meal. The Malays' first food of the day, at what North Americans and Europeans think of as the breakfast meal, usually consists of a sort of cake and coffee. Malays regard this as a snack rather than as a meal, simply because no rice is eaten. People in modern societies as well have notions about what is appropriate food for each meal. A typical North American breakfast consists of fruit, cereal, and a milk product—but strawberry shortcake, which includes all three, is. considered inappropriate....

既然饮食有如此多重要的文化意义,那么食物在很大程度上能将一个社会凝聚起来的说法也就不足为奇了。例如,大米是东南亚地区马来人生存的基础,马来人认为它具有强大的生命力,所以每个标志着生命新阶段的典礼——出生,成年,结婚,死亡——都包含一顿具有象征性意义的米饭。在马来人看来,米饭就是食物的同义词,不吃它就不叫吃饭。马来人一天中首先吃的食物通常是一种蛋糕和咖啡,这在北美洲和欧洲人看来应该是早餐了;可马来人却把这看成点心而不是一顿饭,只是因为没有吃到米饭。在现代社会,人们也对一日三餐应该吃什么有自己的看法。一份典型的北美洲人的早餐包含水果、麦片和乳制品,但是含有这三种物质的草莓酥饼却被认为是不适合在早餐时吃的……

重点单词   查看全部解释    
possess [pə'zes]

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vt. 持有,支配

 
typical ['tipikəl]

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adj. 典型的,有代表性的,特有的,独特的

 
appropriate [ə'prəupriət]

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adj. 适当的,相称的
vt. 拨出(款项)

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extent [iks'tent]

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n. 广度,宽度,长度,大小,范围,范围,程度

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inappropriate [.inə'prəupriit]

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adj. 不适当的,不相称的

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fundamental [.fʌndə'mentl]

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adj. 基本的,根本的,重要的
n. 基本原

 
presence ['prezns]

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n. 出席,到场,存在
n. 仪态,风度

 
synonymous [si'nɔniməs]

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adj. 同义的

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symbolic [sim'bɔlik]

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n. 代号 adj. 象征的,符号的

 
cereal ['siəriəl]

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n. 谷类食物,麦片
adj. 谷类的,谷物的

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