being 既可以是谓语动词,也可以是非谓语动词。作为谓语动词,其用法比较简单,主要用于构成进行时态(含被动语态的进行时态);作为非谓语动词,其用法则比较复杂,可用于引出短语构成主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
一、现在分词being 用作谓语动词
1. being为助动词时的用法
当being为助动词时,用作谓语动词动词的being主要与过去分词连用,构成被动语态。如:
I'm always being criticized. 我总是挨批。
He is being interviewed now. 他现在正在接受面试。
He is being met at the station tonight. 今晚有人去车站迎接他。
2. being为连系动词时的用法
当being为连系动词时,用作谓语动词动词的being主要与形容词连用,表示临时特征或暂时现象。如:
You're being stupid. 你真傻。
You are not being very polite. 你可是不大客气呀。
Your brother is being very annoying this evening. 你兄弟今晚很烦人。
二、现在分词being 用作非谓语动词
1. being为助动词时的用法
(1) 作主语。如:
Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历。
Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里,都会被人认出来。
(2) 作宾语。如:
He can't stand being kept waiting. 让他等着,他可不干。
Do you like being stared at? 你愿意人家盯着你看吗?
(3) 作宾语补足语。如:
I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察带走。
I found myself being drawn into another dreary argument. 我发现竟然身不由己又参与了一次无聊的争论。
It's interesting (for children) to see a house being built. (孩子们)看造房子是挺有趣的事。
(4) 作定语。如:
Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?
We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down. 我们要减少砍伐的树的数量。
(5) 作状语。如:
Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 给了她这个机会,她立刻抓住。
Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly. 她受到很好的照顾,身体恢复得很快。
注:有时 being 可带有自己的逻辑主语(构成独立主格结构)。如:
The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后,我们就回家了。