宣纸 rice paper

衙门 yamen

叩头 kowtow

孔子Confucius

牌楼 pailou；pai-loo

武术 wushu (Chinese Martial Arts)

功夫 kungfu; kung fu

中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)

中和 harmony (zhonghe)

孝顺 to show filial obedience

孝子 dutiful son

家长 family head

三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲

three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

五常：仁、义、理、智、信

five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

八股文 eight-legged essays

多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age