作文题目

Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled by the government rather than private companies.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your opinion and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

题目讲解

科学研究是否应该由政府而非私企来开展并管控?本题基本属于政府类话题。
初看题目，有些同学可能有点不知如何下手，毕竟“科学研究”这个词离自己日常关注的内容还是稍微远了点。不过，也不难想象，开展一项科研很重要的一点就是资金支持，而这如果找政府一般是比较靠谱。因此针对此题，我们必须肯定政府出钱的作用。但科研又不像其他实体生产制造企业光有了钱就可以马上投产，更重要的或者说最重要的是有创造性的人才，所以主体段我们还要强调科研最重要的因素是什么，而这个因素—创造性人才和其赖以生存的自由研发环境通常在私人企业更具备。
综上所述，我们不难得出结论:科研要想有成果有效率，首先应该保证科研人员的创作自由，而这正是政府掌控并开展科研最容易缺失的。因此，我们一方面要肯定政府出钱鼓励研发，同时也要支持私企出人才脑力打造自由创造的氛围。

延伸阅读:
学过新概念四册的同学可能会记得第10课Silicon Valley 中那个加州的计算机教授对硅谷科技企业成功原因的分析—we ’ve got more garages with smart people. We really thrive on anarchy. And on Asians. 硅谷毫无疑问是高新技术研发的集中地，科研之所以能在此如此兴旺发达并结果开花，靠的是(有创造性的)聪明人和无政府状态(意味着自由的科研氛围)又比如第15课Secrecy in Industry开头所讲Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out , the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. 两个因素严重地妨碍着工业中的科学研究效率:一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密气氛。二是研究人员缺乏个人自由。

以下转载一篇海外教师范文供烤鸭们参考。思路基本与我们所说一致，用词组句方面值得大家借鉴学习。
首段:起--立场不赞成。国家只顾出钱，民间出脑袋。
主体段1:承--经费。
主体段2:转--头脑。
结论:合--经费+头脑=科学研究。

As can be argued, government rules can easily become obstacles to scientific achievements. Usually, most of the world's headline-making scientific discoveries do not come through governmental establishments, admitting that fiscal funding is often essential to helping such success to happen in the private sector. It is false to suggest that the government should carry out and control scientific research because the issue is not only about money but also brains.
Just because public funds matter, it does not follow that the government should restrict that kind of freedom of thinking which is vital to imaginative minds. Apart from that, nothing is more naive than for the government to play the role of police and rule research activities. Yes, freedom--that is how scientific breakthroughs are born. It goes without saying that probably billions of government's money may be needed to carry out research projects in various scientific fields, but it must be considered that great scientists tend to ignore, or even go against the rules. Indeed, it is hard to imagine how many scientific discoveries could have been missed as a result of unnecessary regulations. To put it strongly, control is the death of scientific research.
Scientific research should not be forced in any event. It is because a research problem is less likely to be solved by any apparatus which money can buy than to be solved by the brains of a free head that money cannot always buy. Thus, it does not seem proper for official amateurs to "know" what on earth scientists are doing. Otherwise, it would not be called "research" in the real sense of the word. Trying to heavily monitor scientific brains is perhaps a dangerous attitude since the consequence is always too much foliage and too little fruit. That can explain in part why the government ought to shift most of the pledged fiscal spending from the public to the private sector.
All aspects taken into account, scientific research is two things: billions and brains. With little doubt, the success in a country's scientific discoveries relies on both sufficient funding from the government and on creative minds from private companies in which pure research is worth every penny it costs. All the government has to do is grant money and expect that somewhere, something incredible is going to be known. (Created by Jeenn Lee Hsieh)
评:该范文除了思路清晰、结构合理、观点鲜明、论述全面等优点之外，语言的多样化和准确性方面值得烤鸭们仔细体会。比如文中多次出现与科学有关的词汇如科技突破scientific breakthrough、科学成就scientific achievement、科学研究scientific research、科学发现scientific discovery、科技人才scientific talent/brain、科学领域scientific field等
此文起承转合连接词不落窠臼，新颖独到，体现一定的思维逻辑和用词水平。现摘录总结如下实用表达供众烤鸭们参考。记住哦，一定要创造出适合自己的版本才会有机会最终胜出。

Writing Introductions
>These day, .........has become a central issue for debate.
>It is often said that..........
>It is undeniable that.........
>It is a well-known fact that.........
>The public in general tend to believe that..........
>In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in.........
>There is increasing concern that..........
>It is generally agreed that..........
>Questions have been raised about..........
>To date there has been little agreement on..........
>Debate continues about..........
>A debate is taking place between..........and............
>There is a growing debate about..........
>This essay will first argue that.........., and then attempt to prove that..........

Presenting Arguments
>Those who agree to this would claim that..........
>Those who object to this would argue that..........
>Another objection is that..........
>There are several reasons for this.
>We cannot agree with this view.
>The main reason is that..........
>It is only partly true that.........
>Another significant point is that.........
>It is important to mention that..........
>We are of a different opinion because..........
>There is, however, another point to be considered.
>Despite views to the contrary, we would argue that........
>It is true to say that..........
>It is necessary to point out that...........
>The first thing to be considered is that....
>It seems to us that.........
>It is a fact that..........
>There is some doubt that.........
>We strongly believe that..........
>A further point is that...........
>It would be interesting to note that..........
>It is possible that..........
>In view of these facts, it is quite likely that..........
>This leads us to believe that..........
>It cannot be denied that..........
>We would even go so far as to say that..........
>It is worth stating at this point that..........
>We cannot possibly ignore the fact that..........

Describing Causes
>The problem often stems from..........
>One of the factors which has brought this problem about is..........
>One factor which has led to this problem is..........
>The problem is that..........
Problem and Solution
>Something must be done to restore law and order.
>A challege which must be met is to restore law and order.
>This is a crisis on this issue which must be addressed.

Proposing Measures
>The first step to be taken would be to..........
>As regards the most appropriate response to this situation, one suggestion would be to..........
>To alleviate the situation, people should resort to effective measures.
>It is important that we take appropriate measures now.
>The burden of responsibility inevitably lies in our hands.
>It would be a grave error if should actions not be taken immediately.

Concluding
>All things considered, ..........
>The obvious conclusion to be drawn is that..........
>On balance, we tend to believe that..........
>All of this points to the conclusion that..........
>From these arguments, we could conclude that..........
>It is clear from the above that.........
According to some experts
>Experts believe that..........
>Experts say that..........
>Experts suggest that..........
>Experts are convinced that..........
>Experts point out that..........
>Experts emphasize that..........
>It has been found that..........
>Research has shown that..........

Stating Conditions
>Given that..........
>Provided that..........
>If it is the case, then..........

Re-phrasing
>In other words,
>To put it another way,
>That is to say,