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解析：
46、It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
结构分析：
并列分句及形式主语结构//It may be said主语从句//that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect 介词短语作后置定语/in enlarging and improving experience; 并列分句//but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
词义推敲：
the measure of 对……的衡量
social institution社会制度
effect效果，效应，影响
enlarging and improving experience扩展（或扩大）和改进（或提升）经验
original原始的，最初的
motive动机，目的
参考译文：
可以说，对任何社会制度的价值的衡量在于它在扩展和改进经验方面的效应，但是这种效应并不是它原始动机的一部分。
得分重点：
主语从句，后置定语，后一个分句的宾语
47、Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
结构分析：
并列句及倒装结构//Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, 并列句及倒装结构//and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
词义推敲：
gradually逐渐地，渐渐地
by-product副产品，意外结果、副作用
directive指导性的
the conduct of the institution制度的运转（或实施）
参考译文：
社会制度的这种副效应是逐渐地被意识到的，而认识到这种效应是制度运转的指导性因素则更加缓慢。
得分重点：
两个倒装结构，呈递进关系的两个被强调部分
48、While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.
结构分析：
让步状语从句//While 形式主语/it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, 主句及形式主语//it is比较结构/ not so easy 比较结构/as in dealing with adults.
词义推敲：
Ignore忽视，忽略
contact with与……接触、联系
the effect of our acts我们的行为产生的影响
disposition气质，性格
deal with adults与成年人打交道、接触
参考译文：
虽然在我们与年轻人接触时，很容易忽略我们的行为对他们的性格产生的影响，但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。
得分重点：
让步状语从句，形式主语
49、Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
结构分析：
原因状语从句//Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 主句//we cannot help considering 宾语从句//whether or not we are forming the powers 定语从句which will secure this ability.
词义推敲：
chief business主要任务，主要职责，主要事务
enable使…能够…
share in a common life参与共同的生活
cannot help considering情不自禁地考虑，禁不住考虑，不得不考虑
whether or not是否
secure this ability确保这个能力
参考译文：
既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，那么我们不得不考虑我们是否在构建能够确保我们获得这种能力的力量。
得分重点：
原因状语从句，whether引导的宾语从句，定语从句
50、We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education — that of direct tuition or schooling.
结构分析：
主句//We are thus led to distinguish, 插入语//within the broad educational process定语从句// which we have been so far considering, 主句的宾语/a more formal kind of education – 定语从句的宾语/that of direct tuition or schooling.
词义推敲：
distinguish区分，区别
the broad educational process宽泛的教育进程
so far到目前（现在）为止，直至目前（现在）
that 在此处代指“教育”
direct tuition直接教导
schooling学校教育
参考译文：
因此，我们可以在上文所述及（目前为止已经考虑到地）的宽泛的教育进程中，区分出一种更加正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。
得分重点：
插入语，定语从句，后置插入语
