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n. 知识份子，凭理智做事者
adj. 智力的
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解析：
(46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
结构分析：
主句// he believes宾语从句//that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of 并列结构//forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,并列结构 //and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
词义推敲：
this very difficulty very表示强调，我们可以翻译为“正是这个困难”
compensating advantage 补充的/补偿的优势，
forcing him to 强迫他去
intently 刻意地，专心地，集中地
enabling him to 使他能够
reasoning 推理
参考译文：
达尔文认为正是因为这个困难，促使他对每一个句子进行长时间和针对性的思考，同时也使得他在观察和推理中发现错误。这也就使他具有了别人所不具备的优势。
得分重点：
宾语从句，并列结构，固定短语
(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
结构分析：
主句// He asserted, also, 宾语从句//that his power后置定语/ to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, 非限定定语从句//for which reason felt certain 表语从句//that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
词义推敲：
Asserted 宣称，声称
Follow 理解
Abstract 抽象的，深奥的
train of thought 一连串的思想，思路，思想（固定搭配）
参考译文：
达尔文同时声称，对于冗长而且纯抽象的思想，自己的理解能力并不强。因为这个原因，他相信自己在数学方面根本不会成功。
得分重点：
宾语从句， 定语从句，表语从句
(48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
结构分析：
状语结构//On the other hand, 主句//he did not accept 宾语补足语//as well founded宾语// the charge made by some of his critics 同位语从句//that, 让步状语从句//while he was a good observer, 同位语从句//he had no power of reasoning.
词义推敲：
On the other hand 另一方面
as well founded 这个结构的完整形态应该是“as well founded one(指代charge)，我们翻译“就像那些有根有据的指控一样”。
charge 指控，控诉
critics 批评家，评论家
observer 观测者，观察员
no power of reasoning 缺乏推理的能力
参考译文：
另一方面，虽然有些批评他的人一致认为他善于观察，但不具备推理能力，但是他不同意这种说法。
得分重点：
同位语从句，让步状语从句，宾语补足语
(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
结构分析：
主句// He adds humbly 宾语从句//that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men 并列结构//in noticing things 定语从句//which easily escape attention, 并列结构//and in observing them carefully.”
词义推敲：
add 增加，补充
humbly 谦虚地，谦恭地
superior to 优越于
the common run of men 普通人，比如：She's different from the common run of students.
她跟一般学生不同。
参考译文：
达尔文很谦虚的补充到，有些事情需要高度的注意力和细心的观察，也许他自己在观察此类事情时比一般人有优势。
得分重点：
宾语从句，定语从句，并列结构
(50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
结构分析：
主句//Darwin was convinced宾语从句// that the loss of these tastes was 并列结构//not only a loss of happiness, 并列结构//but（also） might并列结构/ possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably并列结构/to the moral character.
词义推敲：
convince 使确信，使信服
the loss of these tastes 失去这些兴趣
a loss of happiness 失去幸福
be injurious to 有害于…
参考译文：
达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。
得分重点：
宾语从句, 并列结构
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