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第302句 评审推荐制度
The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.
译文：其总体结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表论文就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该制度先是出现在19世纪的国家级刊物上，后来在20世纪又被几家地方级地质学刊物使用。
点睛：本句的主干为The overall result has been to make entrance to…harder for amateurs…。第一个逗号后面是一个名词性短语，其核心词是a result，可以看成是前面句子的主语overall result的同位语。后面跟有一个长的定语从句that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing，修饰result。该定语从句中又有两个并列的状语first by…，and then by…。
注意，entrance本义为“入口”，此处指“在专业期刊发表文章，进入专业圈子”。reinforce本义为“增强”，这里指“使难度更高”。
adj. 分布(或散布)广的，普遍的
