41.too much与much too
二者都表示“太”,“非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,但不可修饰动词。It’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。too much作“太多”讲有以下三种用法。
①作名词词组,如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。
②作形容词词组修饰不可数名词,如:Don’t drink too much wine.不要饮太多的酒。
③作副词词组修饰不及物动词,如:She talks too much.她说话太多。
42.rather与fairly
两词都可作“相当地”,“颇有几分”讲。其主要区别如下:
①fairly主要与“令人有愉快感”的形容词或副词连用,如:good, bravely, well, nice等。而rather作此意解时,则用于“令人不愉快”的形容词或副词,如:bad, ugly等。如:Tom is rather lazy, but John is fairly diligent.汤姆很懒惰,而约翰却相当勤奋。
②如果一个单数名词有形容词修饰,不定冠词须放在fairly前面,而rather却是放前放后皆可。如:This is a fairly interesting book.这是一本很有趣的书。This book is rather an interesting one.(同前。)
③有些词本身无所谓“令人愉快”或“不愉快”之意,如:fast, show, hot, cold等,说话人则可用fairly来表“赞许”,用rather来表示“不以为然”。
④fairly往往表示“恰到好处,恰当”,而rather含有“太过分,有过之”之意。试比较:This book is fairly easy for you to read.(正好合适你读。) This book is rather easy for you to read.(太简单以致不合适了。)
⑤rather还可用在alike, like, similar, different等词和“有”前,此时含义是“有点儿”或“稍微”之意。如:The weather was rather worse than I had expected.这天气比我所预料的要糟糕些。
43.lively, living与alive
①lively adj. 生动的,活泼的,可作定语或表语。如:What lively colours!多么鲜艳的颜色啊! she is a lively girl.她是个活泼的姑娘。
②living adj. 活着的,健在的;n. 谋生,生计。如:living things生物;make a living谋生;earn one's living谋生度日;That man is still living.那人还健在(在世)。
③alive adj. 活的,活着的,表语性形容词,一般可与living互换。若作定语,要放在所修饰的词之后。如:That man is not dead, he is still alive.(=he is still living.)那人没死,他还活着。He is the greatest musician alive.他是活着的最伟大的音乐家。