3. Low-Carbon Industrial Transition Fueling Green Development
(三)产业低碳化为绿色发展提供新动能
China has incorporated the concepts of putting the environment first and pursuing green development into its industrial upgrading. Through green, low carbon transformation of industries and the application of green, low carbon solutions, it has opened a new path to progress in both industrial development and environmental protection.
中国坚持把生态优先、绿色发展的要求落实到产业升级之中,持续推动产业绿色低碳化和绿色低碳产业化,努力走出了一条产业发展和环境保护双赢的生态文明发展新路。
China is improving its industrial structure. Responding to climate change is a new mission for Chinese industry in its pursuit of green, low-carbon development, which also opens up new opportunities. The added value of tertiary industry made up 54.5 percent of China's GDP in 2020, 3.7 percentage points above that of 2015 and 16.7 percentage points higher than the figure for secondary industry. Strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation and environmental protection are growing rapidly and becoming pillars of the economy. Hi-tech manufacturing now accounts for 15.1 percent of the added value of industrial firms of designated size – with a revenue of RMB20 million and above per annum. During the 2016-2020 period, China effectively reined in the expansion of energy-intensive industries, and accelerated the upgrading and transformation of key industries, including petrochemicals, chemicals, and iron & steel. Having set the goal of reducing the overcapacity of iron & steel production by up to 150 million tonnes during this period, it met the goal two years ahead of schedule, and decommissioned facilities producing substandard steel products to a total volume exceeding 100 million tonnes. It is estimated that from 2015 to 2020 carbon dioxide emissions per unit of added value of Chinese industries fell by about 22 percent. In 2020, major resource productivity rose by approximately 26 percent from the 2015 level. About 260 million tonnes of scrap steel and 54.9 million tonnes of waste paper were reused, and the output of recycled non-ferrous metals reached 14.5 million tonnes.
产业结构进一步优化。应对气候变化为中国产业绿色低碳发展赋予新使命,带来新机遇。2020年中国第三产业增加值占GDP比重达到54.5%,比2015年提高3.7个百分点,高于第二产业16.7个百分点。节能环保等战略性新兴产业快速壮大并逐步成为支柱产业,高技术制造业增加值占规模以上工业增加值比重为15.1%。“十三五”期间,中国高耗能项目产能扩张得到有效控制,石化、化工、钢铁等重点行业转型升级加速,提前两年完成“十三五”化解钢铁过剩产能1.5亿吨上限目标任务,全面取缔“地条钢”产能1亿多吨。据测算,截至2020年,中国单位工业增加值二氧化碳排放量比2015年下降约22%。2020年主要资源产出率比2015年提高约26%,废钢、废纸累计利用量分别达到约2.6亿吨、5490万吨,再生有色金属产量达到1450万吨。
The new energy industry is witnessing strong growth. The latest revolution in science and technology and industrial transformation has accelerated the growth of the NEV industry. China has topped the world in NEV output and sales for the last six years. In June 2021 the country's NEV fleet reached 6.03 million. In the manufacture of wind power and PV power generation equipment, China has established the most complete industrial chain in the world, and is the global leader in terms of technology and output. The steady maturing of China's industrial chain for new energy storage and the diversity of its technology lend strength to the clean, low-carbon transition of the global energy sector. As of the end of 2020, China had secured the largest share in the global output of polycrystalline silicon, PV cells, and PV modules, and led the world in PV capacity additions for eight consecutive years; it had exported PV products to more than 200 countries and regions worldwide, helping to bring down the cost of clean energy globally; its installed capacity for new energy storage stood at 3.3 million kW, the largest in the world.
新能源产业蓬勃发展。随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革孕育兴起,新能源汽车产业正进入加速发展的新阶段。中国新能源汽车生产和销售规模连续6年位居全球第一,截至2021年6月,新能源汽车保有量已达603万辆。中国风电、光伏发电设备制造形成了全球最完整的产业链,技术水平和制造规模居世界前列,新型储能产业链日趋完善,技术路线多元化发展,为全球能源清洁低碳转型提供了重要保障。截至2020年底,中国多晶硅、光伏电池、光伏组件等产品产量占全球总产量份额均位居全球第一,连续8年成为全球最大新增光伏市场;光伏产品出口到200多个国家及地区,降低了全球清洁能源使用成本;新型储能装机规模约330万千瓦,位居全球第一。
Green, energy-efficient buildings are growing rapidly. Under its green development philosophy, China has made sweeping efforts to promote eco-friendly and energy-efficient buildings, in a bid to harness the full potential for carbon emissions reduction in the architectural sector. By the end of 2020, the floorage of China's green buildings had exceeded 6.6 billion square meters, with as many as 77 percent of urban buildings completed in the year meeting the green standard. The floorage of energy-efficient buildings had surpassed 23.8 billion square meters, accounting for more than 63 percent of the total floor space of urban civic buildings. During the 2016-2020 period, China further raised its energy conservation standard for newly built urban buildings. It improved energy efficiency over 514 million square meters of floor space in existing civic buildings and 185 million square meters in public buildings, and increased the share of renewable energy in energy use by civic buildings to six percent.
绿色节能建筑跨越式增长。以绿色发展理念为牵引,中国全面深入推进绿色建筑和建筑节能,充分释放建筑领域巨大的碳减排潜力。截至2020年底,城镇新建绿色建筑占当年新建建筑比例高达77%,累计建成绿色建筑面积超过66亿平方米。累计建成节能建筑面积超过238亿平方米,节能建筑占城镇民用建筑面积比例超过63%。“十三五”期间,城镇新建建筑节能标准进一步提高,完成既有居住建筑节能改造面积5.14亿平方米,公共建筑节能改造面积1.85亿平方米。可再生能源替代民用建筑常规能源消耗比重达到6%。
Steady progress is being made in green transport. China is firmly committed to energy conservation and emissions reduction in the transport industry. It has therefore devised a means of reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions while maintaining economic growth. With steady improvements to the integrated transport system, more bulk cargos are carried by train and ship instead of truck, and river-sea shipping and multimodal transport continue to expand. By 2020 the share of railways in China's total freight volume had increased by nearly two percentage points over 2017, and the volume of river and sea freight had grown by 3.83 billion tonnes compared to 2010. Between 2016 and 2020 the volume of intermodal rail-water freight grew by an average of 23 percent year on year. Notable progress has also been made in building low-carbon urban transport systems. As of the end of 2020, 87 cities on China's mainland had joined the national program to improve public transport, and 43 cities had launched urban rail transit networks. During the 2016-2020 period, trips by urban public transport exceeded 427 billion, signifying a steady increase in the proportion of city dwellers using public transport.
绿色交通体系日益完善。中国坚定不移推进交通领域节能减排,走出了一条能耗排放做“减法”、经济发展做“加法”的新路子。综合运输网络不断完善,大宗货物运输“公转铁”、“公转水”、江海直达运输、多式联运发展持续推进;铁路货运量占全社会货运量比例较2017年增长近两个百分点,水路货运量较2010年增加了38.27亿吨,集装箱铁水联运量“十三五”期间年均增长超过23%。城市低碳交通系统建设成效显著,截至2020年底,31个省(区、市)中有87个城市开展了国家公交都市建设,43个城市开通运营城市轨道交通。“十三五”期间城市公共交通累计完成客运量超4270亿人次,城市公共交通机动化出行分担率稳步提高。