EU Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso’s Speech At China National School of Administration
　　Beijing, 23 October 2008
　　Ladies and gentlemen,
　　I am delighted to be back in Beijing for the 7th ASEM Summit and to be given this opportunity to address this important school that nurtures your nation’s leaders of tomorrow. I am particularly pleased since the European Commission has had the opportunity to support this school.
　　But let me begin by commending you all for the successful Olympic Games. These Games brought today’s China into homes around the world. It is a vivid picture of a dynamic society undergoing tremendous change. It is a picture that those who were able to attend the Games will carry with them forever. I am convinced that the Games brought the world and China closer together. This is something we should build on for the future.
　　As you all know, we live in dynamic, and sometimes even dramatic, times. I will try to outline some of the main challenges ahead of us-and how they can be met through increased cooperation, as China and the EU have a very important word to say in the way we can, collectively, find global solutions for global problems.
　　In the last month we have witnessed a financial crisis on a scale not seen for many decades. We have seen stock-markets plummet and banks taken over by national governments. Hard-earned savings have disappeared; well-known institutions have ceased to exist overnight.
　　The financial crisis has shown how interdependent we have become. What began as a seemingly isolated issue with sub-prime loans in the United States a year ago gradually spread, showing once again that in the world economy of today, markets and investments know no boundaries.
　　The handling of the crisis has demonstrated that we need more and better long term coordination to ensure transparency and confidence in the market. In order to cushion the impact of the financial crisis on the real economy, we also need to sustain domestic demand and to further promote international trade. Here China’s contribution to world economic activity is crucial.
　　We believe that this crisis was not only about the problems of some financial institutions. The crisis also shows the risks of some macroeconomic imbalances and point to problems with the fundamentals of the global economy.
　　On the European side we have taken a number of decisive steps to overcome the financial crisis. The European Union, through the coordinated action of its institutions, Governments and Central Banks, has reacted promptly and firmly, devoting very large amounts of money to restore the confidence of the public, protect deposits and reestablish the flows of interbank loans. The European Union has also taken a leading role on the world stage, partly by calling for stronger international cooperation, but also by setting an example and showing to the world what concrete actions can be taken.
　　Together with President Sarkozy of France, the current President of the European Council, I went last weekend to Camp David. There, we have agreed with the President of the United States on the need to call an international summit to solve the crisis in today’s global economy. I believe it is very important that China and others give a significant contribution in the process to be launched in Washington on 15 November. As we stated in the joint statement we – President Bush, President Sarkozy and I – issued at Camp David, this summit must review progress being made to address the current crisis and seek agreement on principles of reform needed to avoid a repetition and assure global prosperity in the future.
　　I repeat. The role of China in these circumstances is crucial. Premier Wen Jiabao recently declared at World Forum in Tianjin that the main responsibility of China is to maintain for itself steady and stable economic growth. I very much agree.
　　In 1997/1998, during the Asian financial crisis, we worked together to overcome it. Now, once again, we need a concerted effort from governments and central banks worldwide. It is good that China has taken the initiative in proposing that this matter be discussed at our ASEM summit tomorrow.
　　This greater interdependence is not limited to the financial sector. The new challenges of today are global in nature and therefore, they demand a global response. This applies to issues such as climate change, energy security, terrorism prevention, trafficking and organized crime.
　　We can no longer meet these challenges by closing the door and simply looking after our own house. Instead, we must reach out and seek cooperation, wherever cooperation is more effective.
　　The world is currently witnessing the broadest and deepest wave of globalization ever producing great opportunities but also some risks. Globalisation has helped hundreds of millions from poverty and provided businesses with the possibility to invest and expand abroad. But those same businesses know that they can no longer live on past achievements. Workers around the world fear for their jobs. Globalisation increases competition and exposes weaknesses and poor commercial decisions.
　　When we speak of globalization, it is important to understand that openness and interdependence are the rules of the game. That is why we are so strongly in favour of a truly multilateral approach.
　　These challenges cannot be solved by protectionism, isolation and economic nationalism. We must continue to strive for open and inclusive societies and for open and modern economies.
　　Ladies and Gentlemen,
　　The EU is a successful example of regional cooperation. From a region plagued by war, the EU has now grown to 27 Member States, bringing together in peace 500 million people throughout Europe.
　　Let me give you a few examples of how the EU has developed over the last two decades.
　　? The EU is a single and dynamic market of half a billion people, using the euro – one of the world’s two most important currencies.
　　? The EU is a credible partner willing to share the burden of leadership, while welcoming new partners to the table.
　　? The EU is a growing peace and security actor, with nearly 100,000 peacekeepers, police and combat troops deployed. We have sent troops, police, magistrates and other staff to more than 15 trouble spots, including in the Balkans, Moldova, Afghanistan, the Palestinian territories, Central Africa, Aceh and Georgia.
　　? The EU is the world’s largest development aid donor, delivering over 60% of international assistance.
　　During the same period, the world has witnessed China’s spectacular development. Hundreds of millions have been lifted from the infernal cycle of poverty and underdevelopment, and today China can look to her future with confidence and pride.
　　Since its beginnings, the EU has actively supported China’s opening up and reform policy. We have opened European markets and our companies helped your economic revitalization and employment in China, as well as by transferring technology and know-how through our investments. We have an active and vibrant European business community in China.
　　We have developed cooperation in all fields: from scientific research to education, from energy to the environment, from transportation to tourism, and in many other areas. We have supported China’s accession to the WTO and have welcomed China’s increasingly important role in various international organizations. In other words, we have demonstrated through our policies and actions, our interest in and support for your stability, prosperity and success. We will continue to engage in China’s development, just as we wish for China itself to become more and more engaged in global affairs, in a way that reflects China’s growing global position.
　　Our bilateral dialogue on human rights serves the same purpose. In this important year when we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is imperative to redouble our efforts in ensuring that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Human rights are universal; they belong to each and every individual around the world. I hope you – the people of the great nation of China – will join us in celebrating the 60th anniversary and contribute to the spreading and consolidation of human rights.
　　The trend towards a more multi-lateral world is getting clearer. It is positive that other nations are ready and willing to take on global responsibilities.
　　The case for increased cooperation between China and EU is stronger than ever. Together, the EU and China can contribute to solving the problems the world is facing.
　　Relations between China and the EU are good and dynamic. Together, we have developed a strategic partnership in which we cooperate on numerous issues. We are currently elaborating a partnership and cooperation agreement, to better reflect how our relations have developed and to boost those relations for the future.
　　People-to-people exchanges have increased. Our bilateral trade has grown. Today China is the most important source of imports for the EU, and the EU is China’s largest trading partner. Our political, economic and people-to-people contacts have increased exponentially over the last decade.
　　The people of Europe were quick to respond to the devastating earthquake in Sichuan. Many citizens as well as European governments offered help and financial contributions. This Sunday we will hold a conference in Chengdu together with our Chinese partners on how to advance reconstruction and attract investment in that area.
　　Earlier this spring, I headed the biggest Commission delegation ever to travel to a third country, for a meeting with Premier Wen Jiabao to strengthen EU-China cooperation on sustainable development and trade. Indeed, new vistas of cooperation were opened up on that occasion. I am confident that tomorrow’s ASEM Summit and our EU/China Summit on 1 December in Lyon will move our partnership further forward.
　　One issue, however, deserves sustained political attention from leaders on both sides: the trade deficit. We know that this in part reflects the growing competitiveness of Chinese products. But we must also recognise that other factors are involved, which can and must be corrected. We need to work together, in a spirit of reciprocity, to eliminate obstacles preventing the access, in many sectors, of European goods and services to the Chinese market.
　　Our cooperation in the fight against climate change is particularly important. We all now know that climate change is real, that it is caused by human activity, and that its consequences are universal and will be felt first and foremost by the poorest. Yes, it is true that the state of our planet today is a result of industrialization that began generations ago in developed countries. At that time none of us was aware of the consequences. But now we know, and we know that there is no solution without unity.
　　The European Union, responsible for just 14% of greenhouse gas emissions, is taking action to reduce emissions by 20%. But we obviously cannot do it alone. It will serve little purpose if other countries, including China, a huge consumer of fossil fuels, do not join in common action.
　　Yes, there is a cost to reducing emissions, but the cost of global warming and not just in the long term is going to be far higher, including for China.
　　Furthermore, policies and investments dedicated to energy saving as well as replacing polluting energy sources with new and renewable sources of energy will also foster growth, technological development and employment. It is important that efforts to combat climate change stay on track, despite the financial turmoil. Combating climate change is an objective not only for us but also for the future of mankind.
　　Let me conclude,
　　It is for us today to chart the course for the future. Our mutual dependency will continue to grow and the interactions between us will continue to multiply. We on the European side are eager to strengthen our cooperation with China in order to meet challenges of tomorrow. In doing so we must work within a comprehensive, strategic partnership keeping mutual interest and concerns in mind. We must and will continue to view the relationship from a strategic perspective.
　　My meetings with President Hu and with Premier Wen during this visit, will provide an excellent opportunity to review our relationship and chart the course for the future continued strengthening of EU-China relations. I hope you will all take part in that endeavour.
　　Thank you.

中文：
　　欧盟委员会主席若泽?曼努埃尔?巴罗佐先生在中国国家行政学院的演讲
　　2008年10月23日于北京
　　女士们、先生们，
　　我很高兴能再次来到北京参加第七届亚欧首脑会议，并且得到在贵院这一培养中国未来领导人的重要学府做演讲的机会。尤其令我欣喜的是，欧盟委员会曾经为贵院提供过支持。
　　但是，请允许我首先就奥运会的成功举办向在座的各位表示祝贺。这一盛会让世界各地的许多家庭看到了今天的中国。北京奥运会生动地向世人展示了生机勃勃的中国正在发生的巨变。这一画面将被亲历过北京奥运会的人们所永远铭记。我相信北京奥运会让世界和中国更加紧密地联系在一起。这种联系也正是我们着眼于未来而所要加强的。
　　众所周知，我们生活在一个活跃甚至富有戏剧性的时代。中国和欧盟将在如何在全球范围内找到共同解决全球问题方面发挥重要作用，我下面将介绍一下我们目前所面临的一些主要挑战以及如何通过加强合作来应对这些挑战。
　　上个月我们见证了一场数十年未遇的金融危机。我们看到股票市场下跌，银行被政府接管，辛苦积攒的储蓄荡然无存，一些知名的机构一夜之间不复存在。
　　这场金融危机显示了我们之间如此之深的相互依存程度。一年前发生在美国的次级贷款这一看似孤立的事件已逐渐蔓延开来。这再次说明市场和投资在今天的世界经济中已超越国界。
　　应对这场危机的实践表明，我们需要进行更多、更有效的长远协作以保证市场的透明和信心。为了减少这场金融危机对实体经济的冲击，我们需要维持国内的需求并且进一步推动世界贸易。在这方面，中国对世界经济活动的贡献是关键性的。
　　我们相信，这场危机并非仅仅由金融机构的问题引发。这场危机也表明了宏观经济不平衡所造成的风险，并且揭示了一些与全球经济基本面相关的问题。
　　在欧洲方面，我们已采取了一些关键性的措施来克服这场金融危机。通过机构、政府和中央银行间的协调行动，欧盟已经迅速而坚决地做出了反应，注入了数量巨大的资金以期恢复公众的信心、保护储户存款、确保银行间信贷资金的流动性。欧盟已经在国际上率先行动，一方面呼吁加强国际合作，一方面通过自身行动向世界表明如何采取考试*大具体措施应对这场危机。
　　上周末，我与欧洲理事会现任主席、法国总统萨科奇一道去了戴维营。我们在那里同美国总统达成了一致，认为有必要召开一次国际峰会来解决今天全球经济所面临的危机。我相信，中国和其他国家能够为即将于11月15日在华盛顿启动的挽救经济的进程做出重要贡献。正如布什总统、萨科奇总统和我在戴维营发表的共同声明中所讲的那样，这一峰会必须总结应对目前这场危机所取得的进步，并在改革原则上取得一致，以避免重蹈覆辙并确保全球的未来繁荣。
　　我重申一下自己的观点。中国在当前局势下所发挥的作用是关键性的。温家宝总理最近在天津召开的世界论坛上宣布，中国主要的责任是保持自身经济扎实、稳定的增长。我非常认同他的观点。
　　1997年和1998年，我们曾经共同努力战胜了亚洲金融危机。现在，我们再次需要全球政府和中央银行共同做出努力。令人高兴的是，中国主动提议在明天举行的亚欧首脑会议上讨论应对金融危机这一议题。
　　我们之间日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融领域。今天我们面临的许多新挑战都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同应对。这其中包括了气候变化、能源安全、制止恐怖主义、贩卖毒品和有组织犯罪等。
　　我们已经不能以关起门来独善其身的方式应对这些挑战。相反，我们必须伸出双手寻求合作，因为合作能够更有效地解决这些问题。
　　世界正经历着一波最为广泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，这为我们提供了巨大的机会，但同时也带来了一些风险。全球化已经帮助数以亿计的人们摆脱了贫困，并且给企业提供了进行海外投资和扩张的机会。但那些企业也意识到不能够满足于已取得的成就。世界各地的工人们在为自己的工作担心。全球化使竞争加剧，并且使企业弱点和糟糕的商业决策得以暴露。
　　提到全球化，我们必须清楚公开和相互依存是其游戏的规则。这也是我们强烈支持多边方式的原因所在。
　　这些挑战不能依靠保护主义、孤立主义和经济民族主义加以解决。我们必须继续争取社会的公开和包容，使经济更加公开和现代化。
　　先生们，女士们，欧盟是地区合作的成功范例。欧洲曾经是一个饱经战乱创伤的地区，但欧盟目前已经扩展为27个成员国，将全欧洲5亿人口和平地凝聚在一起。
　　我给你们举几个例子，说明一下欧盟在过去20年里取得的发展：
　　-欧盟现在是一个有活力的单一市场，有5亿人口，所使用的欧元是世界上最为重要的两种货币之一。
　　-欧盟是一个可信赖的伙伴，愿意承担领导责任，同时欢迎新伙伴的加入。
　　-欧盟在维护和平与安全方面正发挥日益重要的角色，已经部署的维和人员、警察和作战部队接近100，000人。欧盟已经向包括巴尔干半岛、摩尔多瓦、阿富汗、巴勒斯坦地区、中非、亚齐和格鲁吉亚在内的超过15个冲突地区派出了军队、警察、安全官员和其他人员。
　　-欧盟是世界最大的发展援助方，提供了超过60%的国际援助。
　　与此同时，世界也见证了中国的巨大发展。数以亿计的人口已经摆脱了贫困和落后的阴霾，今天的中国对未来充满了信心和自豪。
　　欧盟自成立以来始终积极支持中国的改革和开放政策。我们开放了欧洲市场，我们的公司通过转让技术和投资促进了中国的经济振兴与就业。许多欧盟工商业正活跃在考试&大中国并发展良好。
　　从科学研究到教育，从能源到环境，从交通到旅游，以及在许多其他领域，我们都进行了合作。我们支持中国加入世界贸易组织并欢迎中国在许多国际组织内发挥重要作用。换句话说，我们已经通过政策和行动表明了对中国稳定、繁荣和成功的兴趣和支持。我们将继续参与中国的发展，同时我们希望中国能够更多地参与全球事务，这样才能反映出中国日益提升的国际地位。
　　我们在人权问题上的双边对话具有同样目的。今年是联合国《世界人权宣言》发表60周年的重要年份，我们必须加倍努力，以保障全人类与生俱来的自由和人格平等。人权是普遍的，它属于世界上的每一个人。我希望你们，伟大的中国人民，与我们一起庆祝人权宣言发表60周年并且为推广和加强人权做出贡献。
　　世界多极化的趋势日益清晰。许多其他国家准备并愿意承担全球责任，这将产生积极的影响。
　　中国和欧盟日益加深的合作规模是空前的。欧盟和中国能够共同为解决世界面临的问题做出贡献。
　　中国和欧盟之间的关系是良好而有活力的。我们建立了战略伙伴关系，在众多事务上开展了合作。目前，我们正在细化伙伴合作协议，以反映我们业已存在的关系并着眼未来推动这些关系的发展。
　　中欧间的人员交流也已加强。中欧双边贸易得到了扩大。中国今天已成为欧盟最重要的进口商品来源国，欧盟是中国最大的贸易伙伴。中欧间的政治、经济和人员交流在过去十年得到了显著加强。
　　欧洲人民对发生在四川的破坏性大地震做出了快速反应。许多欧洲人和政府提供了帮助和资金支援。本周日，我们将与我们的中国合作伙伴在成都共同举办一个旨在推动灾区重建和吸引投资的会议。
　　今年春天早些时候，我率领欧盟委员会历史上最大规模的出访第三国的代表团来到中国，与温家宝总理进行了会谈，讨论如何加强欧盟与中国在可持续发展和商贸方面的合作。事实上，那次会议已经为中欧间合作开启了新的前景。我相信，明天召开的亚欧首脑会议和12月1日在里昂召开的欧中峰会将会进一步推动我们的伙伴关系向前发展。
　　然而，有一个问题需要我们双方领导人从政治方面加以不断的关注，这就是贸易赤字问题。我们知道贸易赤字部分地反映出中国产品不断增加的竞争力。但是我们也必须认识到这其中还有一些可以而且必须纠正的其他因素。我们需要共同努力，本着互惠的精神，在许多领域为欧洲商品和服务进入中国市场清除障碍。
　　我们在应对气候变化方面的合作尤其重要。我们现在都认识到气候的变化是实实在在的，这一变化由人类活动引发，其影响是全球性的并且将首先波及最贫困的人口。是的，我们星球的现状是发达国家数代人以前开启的工业化进程造成的。当时，没有人意识到这些后果。但是，我们现在认识到了这一点，并且知道只有团结起来才能找到解决问题的办法。
　　虽然欧盟温室气体的排放总量大约只占全球总量的14%，并且我们正在采取行动以争取在2020年减少排放总量的20%，但我们不可能独立完成这项事业。如果包括化石能源巨大消费者—中国在内的其他国家不参与共考试&大同行动，我们的努力将不会产生结果。
　　是的，我们将为减少温室气体排放付出代价，但我们可能在并不遥远的将来为全球变暖付出远高于此的代价，中国也不能例外。
　　此外，旨在节约能源以及用新的可再生能源替代污染型能源的政策与投资也将促进增长、技术进步和就业。尽管我们遇到了这场金融动荡，我们仍需继续为应对气候变化做出努力，这一点非常重要。应对气候变化不仅是关乎我们自身的目标，而且也将关系到人类的未来。
　　让我最后总结一下。
　　今天，我们需要为未来发展做出规划。我们的相互依赖将会继续加深，我们间的交流也将继续增加。我们欧洲方面迫切地希望加强与中国的合作以应对明天的挑战。为此，我们必须在全面的战略伙伴关系下展开合作，同时要考虑到相互利益和关注点。我们必须也将继续从战略高度审视中欧之间的合作关系。
　　我此次访问与胡主席和温总理的会谈将为总结中欧关系并且规划我们未来继续加强的关系提供良好的机会。我希望你们都能参与到这一事业中。
　　谢谢大家！