表6 的投资业绩属于查理的一位好朋友——另一位非商学系出身的人——他毕业于南加州大学的数学系。毕业之后，他进入IBM，曾经担任推销员的工作。在我网罗查理之后，查理又网罗他。他的名字是瑞克·吉林。从1965年到]983年，史坦普指数的复利成长率为316％，而瑞克的绩效为22200％，这或许是因为他缺乏商学教育背景，他可以视为具有统计上的显著性。

　　One sidelight here： it is extraordinary to me that the idea of buying dollar bills for 40 cents takes immediately to people or it doesn't take at all. It's like an inoculation. If it doesn't grab a person right away， I find that you can talk to him for years and show him records， and it doesn't make any difference. They just don't seem able to grasp the concept， simple as it is. A fellow like Rick Guerin， who had no formal education in business， understands immediately the value approach to investing and he's applying it five minutes later. I've never seen anyone who became a gradual convert over a ten-year period to this approach. It doesn't seem to be a matter of IQ or academic training. It's instant recognition， or it is nothing.

　　在此撇开主题：以40美分的价格买进一美元的纸钞，人若不能够立即接受这项概念，就永远不会接受它。它就像注射药剂。如果它无法立即抓住这个人，则我认为即使你长期地说服他，并且展示各种记录，你也无法让他接受。这是很单纯的概念，但他们就是无法领悟。类似瑞克这样的人，他完全没有正式商学教育的背景，却可以立即领会价值投资法，并且在五分钟之后便加以利用。我从来不曾见过任何人，会在10年之后才逐渐地皈依这种方法。它似乎和智商或学术训练无关。它是顿悟，否则就是拒绝。

　　Table 7 is the record of Stan Perlmeter. Stan was a liberal arts major at the University of Michigan who was a partner in the advertising agency of Bozell & Jacobs. We happened to be in the same building in Omaha. In 1965 he figured out I had a better business than he did， so he left advertising. Again， it took five minutes for Stan to embrace the value approach.

　　表7是史坦。波尔米塔（Stan Perlmeter）的投资业绩。他毕业于密西根大学艺术系，是Bozell＆Jacobs广告公司的合伙股东之—。我们的办公室恰好于奥玛哈市的同一幢大楼。1965年，他认为我所经营的事业比他的行业要好，于是他离开广告业。再—次地，史坦于五分钟之内就接受了价值投资法。

　　Perlmeter does not own what Walter Schloss owns. He does not own what Bill Ruane owns. These are records made independently . But every time Perlmeter buys a stock it's because he's getting more for his money than he's paying. That's the only thing he's thinking about. He's not looking at quarterly earnings projections， he's not looking at next year's earnings， he's not thinking about what day of the week it is， he doesn't care what investment research from any place says， he's not interested in price momentum， volume， or anything. He's simply asking： what is the business worth？

　　史坦所持有的股票与华特的不同。他所持有的股票也和比尔不同。他们都是独立的记录。但是，史坦买进每—支股票时，都是因为他所获得的价值高于他所支付的价格。这是他惟一的考虑。他既不参考每一季的盈余预估值，也不参考明年的盈余项估值，他不在乎当时是星期几，也不关心任何的投资研究报告，他无视价格动能、成交量与其他类似的变数。他只提出一个问题：该企业值多少钱？

　　Table 8 and Table 9 are the records of two pension funds I've been involved in. They are not selected from dozens of pension funds with which I have had involvement； they are the only two I have influenced. In both cases I have steered them toward value-oriented managers. Very， very few pension funds are managed from a value standpoint. Table 8 is the Washington Post Company's Pension Fund. It was with a large bank some years ago， and I suggested that they would do well to select managers who had a value orientation.

　　表8与表9的投资业绩记录分别属于我参与的两家退休基金，它们并非是从我所参与的十几种退休基金中选择出来的，他是唯一两家我能够影响其投资决策的退休基金。在这两家基金中，我引导他们转变为价值导向的投资管理人，只胡非常少数的基金是基于价值进行投资管理的。表8是华盛顿邮报公司退休基金（the Washington Post Company's Pension Fund）的投资业绩记录。几年之前，他们委托一家大型银行管理基金，后来，我建议他们聘请以价值为导向的基金经理，这样能够使投资业绩更好。*本段采用刘建位的翻译

　　As you can see， overall they have been in the top percentile ever since they made the change. The Post told the managers to keep at least 25 percent of these funds in bonds， which would not have been necessarily the choice of these managers. So I've included the bond performance simply to illustrate that this group has no particular expertise about bonds. They wouldn't have said they did. Even with this drag of 25 percent of their fund in an area that was not their game， they were in the top percentile of fund management. The Washington Post experience does not cover a terribly long period but it does represent many investment decisions by three managers who were not identified retroactively.

　　正如你在投资记录中所看到的那样，从他们更换基金经理之后，其整体投资业绩在所有基金中一直名列前茅。华盛顿邮报公司要求基金经理人至少保持25 %的资金投资于债券，而债券未必是基金经理人的投资选择。因此，我在表中也将其债券投资业绩包括在内，而这些数据表明他们其实并没有什么特别的债券专业技巧，他们也从未这样吹嘘进自己，虽然有25%的资金投资于他们并不擅长的债券领域，从而拖累了他们的投资业绩，但其基金管理业绩水平仍然名列前一百名之内。华盛顿邮报公司退休基金的投资尽管并没有经过一个很长的市场低迷时期的考验，但仍然足以证明三位基金经理的许多投资决策并非后见之明。*本段为编辑增加，采用刘建位的翻译

　　Table 9 is the record of the FMC Corporation fund. I don't manage a dime of it myself but I did， in 1974， influence their decision to select value-oriented managers. Prior to that time they had selected managers much the same way as most larger companies. They now rank number one in the Becker survey of pension funds for their size over the period of time subsequent to this “conversion” to the value approach. Last year they had eight equity managers of any duration beyond a year. Seven of them had a cumulative record better than the S&P. The net difference now between a median performance and the actual performance of the FMC fund over this period is $243 million. FMC attributes this to the mindset given to them about the selection of managers. Those managers are not the managers I would necessarily select but they have the common denominators of selecting securities based on value.

　　表9的投资业绩属于FMC公司退休基金，我本人没有管理过这家基金的一分钱，但我的确在1974年影响了他们的决策，说服他们选择以价值为导向的基金经理。在此之前，他们采取与其他大型企业相同的方式来选择基金经理。在他们转向价值投资策略之后，其投资业绩目前在贝克退休基金调查报告（the Becker survey of pension funds）中超越其他同等规模基金而名列第一。1983年时，该基金共有8位任职1年以上的基金经理，其中7位累积投资业绩超过标准普尔指数。在此期间，FMC基金的实际业绩表现与基金平均业绩表现的净回报差额是2.43亿美元，FMC将此归功于他们与众不同的基金经理选择倾向，这些基金经理未必会是我个人中意的选择，但他们都具有一个共同的特点，即基于价值来选择股票。*本段采用刘建位的翻译

　　So these are nine records of “coin-flippers” from Graham-and-Doddsville. I haven't selected them with hindsight from among thousands. It's not like I am reciting to you the names of a bunch of lottery winners —— people I had never heard of before they won the lottery. I selected these men years ago based upon their framework for investment decision-making. I knew what they had been taught and additionally I had some personal knowledge of their intellect， character， and temperament. It's very important to understand that this group has assumed far less risk than average； note their record in years when the general market was weak. While they differ greatly in style， these investors are， mentally， always buying the business， not buying the stock . A few of them sometimes buy whole businesses. Far more often they simply buy small pieces of businesses. Their attitude， whether buying all or a tiny piece of a business， is the same. Some of them hold portfolios with dozens of stocks； others concentrate on a handful. But all exploit the difference between the market price of a business and its intrinsic value.

　　以上这9项投资业绩记录都来自于“格雷厄姆一多德都市”　的“铜板投掷者”，是我根据他们的投资决策架构，在多年前便选定了他们。我了解他们所接受过的训练，而且知道他们的智慧、个性和脾气。我们务必了解，这群人只承担了一般水准以下的风险；留意他们在股市疲弱期间的记录。他们的投资风格虽然大不相同，但心态上始终恪守：买进的标的是企业，而非企业的股票。他们当中有些人偶尔会买下整个企业，但是他们经常只是购买企业的—小部分。不论买进整体或一部分的企业，他们所秉持的态度完全相同。在投资组合，有些人持有几十种的股票；有些人则集中少数几支股票。但是，每个人都受惠于企业市场价格与其内含价值之间的差值。