1.Is something the matter, Grandpa?
怎么了?发生什么事了?通常用的还有What's wrong?What's the matter?What's up?
2.The editorial in this paper made my friend Nat Baker very upset.
make sb/sth + adj.使某人某事……make是使役动词,后面跟宾语和宾语补足语。
3.Due to lack of funds for the repainting of the interior of the building and for the furniture needed, the plans for the community center have been postponed indefinitely.
Due to因为,由于,相当于because of
4.I see what you mean.
see在这里是明白的意思。本来不明白,别人做出解释之后你明白了,可以说:I see.
5.I really appreciate you coming over to help me with my math.
感谢别人的帮助。