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Politics in the television era
电视时代的政治
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify political ideas.
本课结束，你将能辨别政治观念。
PROFESSOR: For the last 5 years in the United States, television has dominated political campaigns. Voters turn on the TV and are presented with constant news coverage of campaigns negative and positive advertisements by candidates, interviews with political experts about the election... and the debates. Television emphasizes the visual. So on TV, it's important a politician looks good. But are looks really the most reliable way to choose the leader of a country?
在过去五年中，美国的电视主宰着竞选。选民打开电视，就能持续地看到有关竞选候选人正面和负面的广告的新闻报道，还有一些与竞选相关的政治人物的采访…… 还有辩论。电视强调视觉。因此在电视中，政治家看上去不错是很重要的。但是对于选举一个领袖，好看可靠吗？
PROFESSOR: Should television have such a strong influence on the decisions we make about our political leaders? In the United States, the presidential debates are one of the most important events of the campaigns. Elections can be won or lost based on these debates. The Great Debate, 196... Two candidates: Richard Nixon and John F.
在选举政治领袖的过程中，电视应该对选民有很重要的影响吗？在美国，总统大选电视辩论是竞选最重要的事件。选举成败取决于这些辩论。最伟大的辩论是两个候选人：理查德·尼克松和约翰·F之间的辩论。
PROFESSOR: Kennedy. Nixon, a Republican with years of experience. Kennedy, the Democrat candidate, criticized by many as being too young and inexperienced. 196 was the first year the debates were televised. The debate drew over 66 million viewers out of a population of 179 million, making it one of the most watched broadcasts in US television history.
肯尼迪·尼克松，共和主义者，有多年从政经验。肯尼迪，民主主义党候选人，被评为太过年轻和欠缺经验。196是第一年电视辩论竞选。这场竞选吸引了6600万人的观看，而当时的总人口数是1,79亿，使得这场竞选成为美国电视历史上最受关注的电视节目。
PROFESSOR: Nixon was a champion debater and welcomed the opportunity to debate with his opponent on national TV. But, unfortunately for Nixon, television can be unflattering to the ...."average looking" person. Kennedy had a young, handsome face, and his recent campaigning in California had given him a healthy tan. Nixon, on the other hand, was pale and still recovering from a recent flu. He appeared thin and sickly.
尼克松是冠军辩手，赢得和他的对手在国家电视台辩论的机会。但是，不幸地是，电视里尼克松无疑是长相一般的人。肯尼迪有一张年轻英俊的脸，并且他当时在加利福利亚的竞选活动也给他一副健康的肤色。而尼克松，脸色苍白，还没有从当时的流感中恢复过来。他看上去有些病态的瘦削。
PROFESSOR: He arrived at the debate in a gray suit and he refused makeup to improve his color. The TV audience watched Nixon looking sweaty and pale, while Kennedy appeared young, athletic, handsome, and poised. Polls taken after the first debate showed that most people who listened to it on the radio felt that Nixon had won, while most who watched it on television thought Kennedy the winner. In fact, the debates had made Kennedy look like the winner. The "Great Debates" between Kennedy and Nixon forced people to rethink how politics would work in the television era.
他在辩论中，穿着一套灰色的衣服，也不愿意化妆去改善自己的脸色。电视观众看到尼克松看上去吃力且脸色苍白，而肯尼迪却年轻，体格健壮，英俊并且泰然自若。在第一轮选票结束，民意测试表明那些听广播收听辩论的人觉得尼克松会赢，而大多看了电视精选的人认为肯尼迪是赢家。事实上，电视精选已经使得肯尼迪看上去是个赢家了。肯尼迪和尼克松之间的“伟大的辩论”使得人们重新思考在电视时代，政治活动怎么做才能有效。
PROFESSOR: Not only did they push an unlikely candidate to victory, but they also brought in an era in which television dominated the electoral process.
电视辩论竞选不仅使得本没有可能竞选成功的一方成为赢家，而且也带来了一个会对政治活动起重要影响的电视时代的到来。
