——赖世雄语法43
我们接着做练习3,他光着脚走进屋子里。(是同时发生)
主要的行为是“走进屋子里”,而“光着脚”次要行为,∴要先翻译“走进屋子里”。主要的行为和次要行为都是He发出的,暂时只把次要行为写出,别计较整个句子的对错:
He walked into the room was barefooted. ×
∵主要的行为和次要行为之间没有<连接词>,就把was变成“(being)”:
------------------------------(being)barefooted. √
关于barefooted有一个重要概念:
bare是“赤裸裸的”,foot是“脚”。它把表示身体的这种部位之<名词>作<形容词>用时,有一个特征:加上ed而像<过去分词>的样子。也就是说:用[<形容词>+身体的这种部位之<名词>+ed],构成一种特殊的<过去分词>。类似地例子:
那个大眼睛的女孩子是我妹妹呀! That bigeyeed girl is my sister.
那个三个脑袋的男孩子是我弟弟呀!That three-headed man is my brother.
那个伤心的男孩子离开了! That broken-hearted man left.
练习4,他挥手向他道别。(是同时发生)
主要的行为是“向他道别”,而“挥手”次要行为,先译“向他道别”,再译“挥手”,之间暂用and连接:He said goodby to her and waved his hand.
去掉<连接词>and、把<动词> waved改成waving:
---------------------------waving his hand.
练习5,他站在角落里唱着一首歌。/ 练习6,他靠在墙上看着天空。
He stood in the corners singing a song. √
He leaned against the wall looking up into the sky. √
注意:要用into不能用at。into表“能看透的”,因天空是空的,一直往里看;而at prep. 在 向 对——表“看不透的”。照镜子:look into the mirror
第九个要点:用<分词结构>简化<副词从句>
用when当 / while当 / i f如果 / unless除非 / though虽然/ once一旦,这样的<连接副词>连接引导的<副词从句>,如果<主语>和<主句>相同,也可以化简为<分词结构>。其方法跟没有<连接词>的两个<单句>的化简是相同的:
[将相同的<主语>去掉/之后的<动词>变<现在分词>/如果是<be动词>变成<being>,<being>也可省略掉;——didn’t→no!]。
1,——如果if句的化简:
a,我要有空,就和你一块去。
If I’m free I’ll go with you. √
If(being)free -------------. √
注意:If下通常只适于<be动词>。例如:
我要有钱,会买辆车子。
If I’have money I’ll buy a car. √
If having money I’ll buy a car. ×
b,要是受到适当地鼓励,他会做这件事。
He’ll do it if he is properly encouraged.
-------------if(being)properly encouraged.
2,——当when句的化简:
在那个日子里,他不知道紧急状况下怎样应急处理(运作)时,就请教父亲。
On those days when he didn’t know how to process in a emergency he’ll consult his father. √
On those days when no knowing how to process in a emergency he’ll consult his father. √ didn’t→no
3,——除非unless句的化简:
除非你另获指示,否则必须按我说的去做。
Unless you’re otherwise instructed you should do it as I say.√
------(being)----------------------------------------------.√
Unless的化简跟If一样,其下通常只适于<be动词>。例如:
除非我有钱,否则什么都不买。
Unless I’have money I won’t buy anything. √
Unless having money I won’t buy anything. ×
4,——当while句的化简:
while I was here I had good time. √
-----(being)here -------------.√
while I stayed here I had good time.√
------- staying here -------------------.√
5,——虽然though句的化简:
他虽然受伤的很重,一点也没感到畏惧。 ——at all通常放在句尾
Though he was seriously injured he was at all daunt(ed). √
--------(being)------------------------------------------.√
6,——once一旦句的化简:
once的化简跟If /Unless一样,其下通常只适于<be动词>。
一旦我有空,我就让你知道。
Once I’m a available I let you know. √
----(being)-----------------------.√
注意,available除了①,空闲的,还有②,现货可以得到的 可供应的
①,明天我下午有空。 I'll be available in the afternoon tomorrow. √
=I'll be free in the afternoon tomorrow. √
脱离职位不需要上班。 ~I'll be off (duty) in the afternoon tomorrow. √
②,这种书你这儿有卖吗?Do you have this book available?
你这种表有卖吗? -------------- a kind of watch available?
第十——
再说:用[<形容词>+身体的这种部位之<名词>+ed],构成一种特殊的<过去分词>:
1, 他光着脚走进屋子里。He walked into the room(being)barefooted.
2, 那个大眼睛的女孩子是我妹妹呀!That bigeyeed girl is my sister.
3, 那个三个脑袋的男孩子是我弟弟呀!That three-headed man is my brother.
4, 那个伤心的男孩子离开了!That broken-hearted man left.
5, 你有没有看见那边那个红头发女孩?Do you see the redhaired girl there.
6, 独腿的军人是个英雄。The onelegged soldier was hero.
7, 双头蛇two-headed snak
8, 黑皮肤的家伙blackskined guy
有些<现在分词>,可当<介系词>或<介词>。要特别记住常用的几个
1, 包括including/不包括 除了…之外excluding
2, 有鉴于 考虑 就……而论considering
3, 有关touching[=regarding=about或=on=concerning]
1,“包括including /不包括 除了…之外excluding”的例句:
大家都喜欢这部电影,不过约翰他不喜欢。
Every one like the movie excluding John. √<介词>
Every one like the movie John exclude. ×<介词>→<动词>。但无<连词>
Every one like the movie John excluding. √<动词>→<现在分词>。
Every one like the movie John including. √<动词>→<现在分词>。
Every one like the movie exclusive of John.√<形容词短语>。
Every one like the movie inclusive of John.√<形容词短语>。
2,“有鉴于 考虑 就……而论considering”的例句:
鉴于他的表现,他可以成为个很好的老师。
Considering his performance he can make a goo teacher √ ①
His performance is considered he can make a goo teacher. × ②
------------------(being)considered he can make a goo teacher. √ ③
①,使用了<介词短语> “Considering his performance”来组句。√。
②,<介词>Considering→<动词>is considered来组句,无<连词>, ×。
③,用正确化简法化简:保留了<主语>His performance /<be动词>→<现在分词>(being),
3,“有关touching[=regarding=about或=on=concerning]”的例句:
他写了一篇有关“环境污染”的文章。
He wrote a article touching a environment pollution.