He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise, they'll both leave garbage behind. (Para. 15)
Meaning; He might have gone on to demand that the society respect both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise it will live in garbage.
call for: demand, ask for
Bad managing calls for a change. 管理这么差，必须有所改变。
The thief's actions called for a heavy punishment, and the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison. 那个小偷的行为应予严惩，法官判了他10年监禁。
leave behind: forget to take
The plane is about to take off, and yet I left my ticket behind. 飞机就要起飞了，可我却忘了带机票。