CHAPTER FOUR

第四章

ATARI AND INDIA

雅达利与印度

Zen and the Art of Game Design

禅宗与游戏设计艺术

Atari

雅达利

In February 1974, after eighteen months of hanging around Reed, Jobs decided to move back to his parents’ home in Los Altos and look for a job. It was not a difficult search. At peak times during the 1970s, the classified section of the San Jose Mercury carried up to sixty pages of technology help-wanted ads. One of those caught Jobs’s eye. “Have fun, make money,” it said. That day Jobs walked into the lobby of the video game manufacturer Atari and told the personnel director, who was startled by his unkempt hair and attire, that he wouldn’t leave until they gave him a job.

1974年2月，在里德学院晃荡了18个月之后，乔布斯决定搬回父母在洛斯阿尔托斯的住处，然后找一份工作。这并不是什么难事。20世纪70年代，《圣何塞水星报》（SanJoseMercury）的分类广告版面上，科技类的招工广告最多时曾达到60页。其中的一则广告吸引了乔布斯的目光。“在享乐中赚钱”，广告语是这么说的。那一天，乔布斯走进了游戏制造商雅达利公司（Atari）的大厅，对着被他不修边幅的发型和装扮吓了一跳的人事主管说，得不到一份工作他是不会离开的。

Atari’s founder was a burly entrepreneur named Nolan Bushnell, who was a charismatic visionary with a nice touch of showmanship in him—in other words, another role model waiting to be emulated. After he became famous, he liked driving around in a Rolls, smoking dope, and holding staff meetings in a hot tub. As Friedland had done and as Jobs would learn to do, he was able to turn charm into a cunning force, to cajole and intimidate and distort reality with the power of his personality. His chief engineer was Al Alcorn, beefy and jovial and a bit more grounded, the house grown-up trying to implement the vision and curb the enthusiasms of Bushnell. Their big hit thus far was a video game called Pong, in which two players tried to volley a blip on a screen with two movable lines that acted as paddles. (If you’re under thirty, ask your parents.)

雅达利当时是非常热门的公司。它的创始人是髙大健壮的企业家诺兰·布什内尔（NolanBushnell），此人是个充满魅力、能说会道的梦想家——换句话说，又一个时代偶像。成名之后，他喜欢开着劳斯莱斯四处转悠，吸食毒品，在浴缸里开员工会议。他有一项能力——是弗里德兰也具有的、乔布斯日后也学会了的——就是将个人魅力转化为说服力，通过个性的力量进行劝诱、胁迫以及扭曲事实。他手下的首席工程师叫做阿尔·奥尔康（AlAlcom），一个健壮、快乐又很理性的人。他就像个家长一样，一方面要帮助布什内尔实现他的梦想，另一方面又要控制住他的狂热。1972年，布什内尔指派奥尔康研发一款视频游戏《乒乓》（Pong）的街机版。游戏中两名玩家分别操纵屏幕上两根移动的光标充当球拍，拦截充当乒乓球的小光点（如果你不到40岁，问问你的父母）。利用500美元的投资，奥尔康做出了一台游戏主机，然后将它安装在了森尼韦尔国王大道的一家酒吧里。几天之后，布什内尔接到电话说机器坏了。他派奥尔康去查看，发现问题出在游戏机被硬币塞满了，再也塞不进去了。他们靠这个狼赚了一笔。

When Jobs arrived in the Atari lobby wearing sandals and demanding a job, Alcorn was the one who was summoned. “I was told, ‘We’ve got a hippie kid in the lobby. He says he’s not going to leave until we hire him. Should we call the cops or let him in?’ I said bring him on in!”

当乔布斯穿着凉鞋来到雅达利公司要求工作时，有人通知了奥尔康。“我被告知：‘有个嬉皮士小子在大厅里，他说我们不雇他他就不走。我们该打电话报警还是让他进来？’我说，快带他进来！”

Jobs thus became one of the first fifty employees at Atari, working as a technician for $5 an hour. “In retrospect, it was weird to hire a dropout from Reed,” Alcorn recalled. “But I saw something in him. He was very intelligent, enthusiastic, excited about tech.” Alcorn assigned him to work with a straitlaced engineer named Don Lang. The next day Lang complained, “This guy’s a goddamn hippie with b.o. Why did you do this to me? And he’s impossible to deal with.” Jobs clung to the belief that his fruit-heavy vegetarian diet would prevent not just mucus but also body odor, even if he didn’t use deodorant or shower regularly. It was a flawed theory.

乔布斯由此成为了雅达利公司第一批50名员工之一，职位是技术员，薪水每小时5美元。“现在想想，雇用一名里德学院的辍学生真有点儿不可思议，”奥尔康说，“但我在他身上看到了一些东西。他非常聪明，富有激情，对技术狂热。”奥尔康让乔布斯与一个叫唐·朗（DonLang）的工程师一起工作，此人的思想极其保守。第二天朗就开始抱怨了：“这家伙是个该死的有体臭的嬉皮士。你为什么要这么对我？还有，我裉本没法儿跟他相处。”乔布斯坚信，他以水果为主的素食习惯不仅会消除黏液，也会去除他的体味，就算他不用香体剂，也不常常洗澡。这是个错误的理论。

Lang and others wanted to let Jobs go, but Bushnell worked out a solution. “The smell and behavior wasn’t an issue with me,” he said. “Steve was prickly, but I kind of liked him. So I asked him to go on the night shift. It was a way to save him.” Jobs would come in after Lang and others had left and work through most of the night. Even thus isolated, he became known for his brashness. On those occasions when he happened to interact with others, he was prone to informing them that they were “dumb shits.” In retrospect, he stands by that judgment. “The only reason I shone was that everyone else was so bad,” Jobs recalled.

朗和其他人想赶走乔布斯，但布什内尔想出了一个解决方案。“他的体味和行为举止对我来说并不是问题，”他说，“史蒂夫是很麻烦，但我挺喜欢他。所以我让他上夜班。这样就可以把他留下了。”乔布斯会在朗和其他人下班之后过来上班，工作一整晚。即便已经隔绝到如此地步，他还是因为自己的鲁莽无礼出了名。在一些碰巧跟人交流的场合，他会肆无忌惮地称别人为“蠢货”。现在回想起来，他依然坚持自己的评判。“我那么耀眼的唯一原因就是，其他人都太糟糕了。”乔布斯回忆说。

Despite his arrogance (or perhaps because of it) he was able to charm Atari’s boss. “He was more philosophical than the other people I worked with,” Bushnell recalled. “We used to discuss free will versus determinism. I tended to believe that things were much more determined, that we were programmed. If we had perfect information, we could predict people’s actions. Steve felt the opposite.” That outlook accorded with his faith in the power of the will to bend reality.

尽管他很傲慢——或者正是因为他的傲慢——他获得了雅达利公司老板的青睐。“他比其他与我共事过的人更加有哲学气质，”布什内尔回忆道，“我们曾经讨论过自由意志和宿命论的比较。我倾向于认为事情都是命中注定的，我们的人生都是被规划好的。如果有足够的信息的话，我们可以预知一个人的行动。史蒂夫的观点与我正相反。”这一观点与他“意志的力量可以改变现实”的信念是一致的。