many和much

many(形容词)用在可数名词之前。

much(形容词)用在不可数名词之前。

He didn't make many mistakes.

他没犯多少错。

We haven't much coffee.

家里的咖啡不多了。

many和much的比较级和最高级形式相同，都是more和most：

more mistakes/coffee更多的错误/咖啡

most men/damage 几乎全部的男士/几乎所有的损害

many，much，more，most可作代词使用：

He gets a lot of letters but she doesn't get many.

他收到的信很多，可她的信不多。

You have a lot of free time but I haven't much.

你有许多空闲时间，可我没有。

more和most的用法较灵活，many和much在否定动词后面用得比较多(见上文的例子)，但many和much在肯定动词和疑问动词后用法较受限制。

many和much与肯定动词连用

many前加上a good/great时可与肯定动词连用。many与much用so/as/too修饰时也可以与肯定动词连用。

I made a good many friends there.

我在那里交了许多朋友。

He has had so many jobs that.

他做过了这么多种工作，以致……

She read as much as she could.

她尽量多读书。

They drink too much(gin).

他们(杜松子酒)喝得太多了。

many是宾语或宾语的一部分而前面不加任何修饰语时，常常被 a lot/lots of(+名词)或a lot，lots(代词)代替。much是宾语或宾语的一部分时常常被a great/good deal of(+名词)或agreat/good deal(代词)代替：

I saw a lot/lots of seabirds.I expect you saw a lot too.

我看到了许多海鸟。想必你也看到了许多。

He spends a lot/lots of/a great deal of money on his house.

他在房子上花很多钱。

既可以用many也可以用a lot(of)作主语或作主语的一部分，

但这里的much通常由其他形式代替。

但much在正规英语中是允许这样用的：

Much will depend on what the minister says.

很多事要取决于部长怎么说。

试将肯定句和否定句作一比较：

He hasn't won many races.

他没有赢过几次比赛。

You've won a lot/lots of races./You've won a lot./You've won a greatmany(races).

你赢过多次比赛。

He didn't eat much fruit.

他没有吃多少水果。

She ate a lot/lots/a great deal of fruit./She ate a lot/a great deal.

她吃了大量的水果。

many和much与疑问动词连用

两者前都可加how：

How many times?

多少次?

How much?

多少?

在不用how的问句中，many也可使用。如预期得到的是肯定的回答，则最好使用a lot(of)：

Did you take a lot of photos?I expect you did.

你拍了许多照片吗?我想你拍了。

用much时不加how是可行的，但其他的几种用法更常见：

Did you have a lot of snow/much snow last year?

去年你们那儿雪下得多吗?