1.lack of 缺乏

Another problem was the lack of competition.
另一个问题是缺乏竞争。

Her lack of experience is a severe disability.
她缺少经验是一个严重的障碍。

2.face up 面对，担当

But one country has yet to face up to its changed circumstances.
但是，欧元区仍有一个国家尚未勇敢面对物是人非的外部环境。

Managers must face up to its existence and influence.
管理者必须正视它的存在和影响。

3.spread to 蔓延到；波及

The crisis threatened to spread to china.
这场危机甚至波及了中国。

The mayhem spread to other parts of the city.
混乱也蔓延到了曼谷市的其他地区。

4.set out to 打算，着手

The screenwriter set out to explore the ways in which different people face demanding times.
剧本作者一开始是要探讨不同的人面对艰难时期的方式。

He has set out to make salesforce a more generous and efficient donor than any other firm.
现在贝尼奥夫已经开始让salesforce公司成为一个比别的公司更慷慨、更有效率的慈善家。