1.refer to 涉及；指的是

Symbols are signs that refer to the object by a convention.
标志是一种人们习惯性指代某种事物的符号。

Slowschools and slow education can refer to different aspects of education.
慢速学校和慢速教育可以指教育的不同方面。
2.set on 开始，着手；唆使

In many ways india seems set on a promising path.
在许多方面印度似乎都在走向一条康庄大道。

But other nations are emerging, set on sharing influence and prestige.
不过，另外一些国家正在崛起，它们定将分享影响与威信。

3.in particular 尤其， 特别

Progress is needed in three areas in particular.
尤其需要在三个方面取得进展。

Unemployment in particular has risen less than once seemed likely.
特别是失业率的增速似乎可能有所放缓。

4.in contrast to 相比之下

Overall, we think the non-manufacturing sector is doing fine, in contrast to the manufacturing sector.
我们认为，相比制造业，中国非制造业的整体情况还是不错的。

The institute itself stands in contrast to the scruffy university.
这所学院本身就与破旧的大学形成鲜明的对比。