The Ancient City of Lijiang
丽江古城
自然概况
At the foot of Yulong(Jade Dragon)Snow Mountain in northwesternYunnan Province is the ancient town of Lijiang. In the remote past.itwas already inhabited with tribal people. In i 253 , Kublai Khan，the Mongol chief，stationed his troops here on his southward march to conquer the State of Dali. For the next 500 years，to the early days of the Qing Dynasty、the place was ruled by a herditary succession of chieftains from the Mu clan of the Naxi people、under the jurisdiction of the imperial court.
在云南省西北部的玉龙雪上教学坐落着人间仙境般的丽江古城。这里在远古时期就有部落居民居住生活。1253年，蒙古族头领忽必烈在讲军南方占领大理州的路上曾让他的部队驻扎于此。在随后的500年里，直到清朝初期，这个地方都山纳西族氏族酋长世袭统治，统属朝廷管辖。
Lijiang is a mystical and beautiful town on the center of Lijiang valley，2 410 meters above sea level，with about 25 000 residents on an area of 3 .8 square kilometers. It is the gateway to northwest Yunnan region。and No. 214 National Road runs through the city to Tibet in the north or to Dali City in the south , capital of the autonomous prefecture.
丽江古城位于丽江坝子中央，海拔2410米，面积3.8万平方公里，人口约2.5万。这里是滇西北的重要门户，如今，214国道贯穿丽江全市，北可达西藏，南可至大理，交通十分便利。
The inhabitants of Lijiang are mainly of Naxi minority .and the city is the only autonomous city of the nationality. It has long been known world wide for its grandiose snow clad mountain，the steep gorge，the elegant Mt. Laojun，the clean Lugu Lake， and the colorful and various customs of the minorities. The outside world is surprised by its ancient and simple sense of'‘identity of Heaven and Man" and its protound and excenent cunure，amazed by the ancestors of the minorities who built a city without a wall on the beautiful land of Lijiang at this southwest frontier. In December of 1997，World Heritage Committee registered it on World Heritage List，and this“city forgotten gods" was since unveiled to the world with its oriental mystery and charm like pearl hidden among the mountains
古城里聚居的居民以纳西族同胞为主，是我国唯一的纳西族自治区。丽江从来就以它巍峨壮丽的大当山、雄奇险峻的人峡补、灵秀峻美的老君山、碧波荡漾的泸沽湖和多姿多彩的少数民族风情而闻名于世。人们惊讶于这里“天人合一”的古朴意识及其博大精深的文化内涵，赞叹西南边陲的少数民族先人们，在丽江这片奇丽的土地上筑起了一座没有城墙的古城。1997年12月，联合国教科文组织将丽江古城列入《世界遗产名录》。从此，这个”被神仙遗忘在人间的城郭“，犹如一处藏于大山之中的宝藏呗发掘出来，向世人展示东方文明的神秘和魅力。
Lijiang city is among rivers and mountains. northeast are Mt Elephant，Mt Golden Rainbow，and in the northwest is Mt Lion，and the city links them up .The mountains enclose the Lijiang valley in which stands the Lijiang city. The city was named Dayan，because it shapes like an ink stone，and“yan" has the same pronunciation of and can mean“ink stone”in Chinese. The valley surrounds the ancient city with the verdure of crops and vegetation in solemn silence;its villages scattered all about are ;its lakes are clear and deep peaceful，quiet，and at ease.Near around the city are over a dozen tourist resorts of the region，the province,or the state,among which Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and Jinsha River are the most glorious.
丽江古城坐拥于群山和河流之中群山是指东北边的象山、金虹山和西北边的狮子山，古城就处在这三座山的结合部。群山围着丽江坝子，丽江坝子又围着古城。古城原名大研，是因整个阴江坝子形似一块大砚，“砚”'寸“研”相通、古城四周的丽江坝子有绿海金浪的庄稼以及牧歌清芬的草坪，有明净幽秘的湖水，更有无数淡泊宁静的村庄。紧邻古城周围，就有家级、省级、地区级的旅游景点十多个。其中最为著名的是玉龙雪山和金沙江。
Classical Naxi music is described as the“living musical fossil" because of its long history. More surprisingly，the Dongba script is the world's only living hieroglyphics still in use. More than 20 000 volumes of ancient books in Dongba writing，rare and valuable documents，are now collected by libraries in China as well as some European and American countries.
由于历史悠久，纳西族古典音乐一直被誉为“音乐活化石”。更令人惊奇的是，东巴象形文字是世界唯一仍在使用的象形文字。两万多册古代东巴一手写的书稿、稀有珍贵的资料被中国以及欧洲和美洲一些国家的图书馆收藏。
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