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So I don't really take comfort in the successes they have had with transplantation.
所以，对于他们在移植方面取得的成功，我并没有感到宽慰。
Perhaps more constructive use of our time could be spent at researching corals that do survive, like in areas known as refugia.
也许花些时间在研究存活下来的珊瑚上会更有建设性，像是在所谓的幸存区的珊瑚。
Refugia are areas on the reef that are seemingly, well resistant to bleaching.
幸存区是珊瑚礁上的一些区域，似乎具有对漂白的抵抗力。
See, when coral reefs experience bleaching, it's rarely a case of the whole reef being affected.
当珊瑚礁在漂白时，整个珊瑚礁都受影响是非常罕见的案例。
There are almost always pockets of coral on the reefs that remain unaffected.
珊瑚礁上总有小片的珊瑚不受影响。
And these are often the lower areas of the reef, those located in deeper water, where temperatures are lower.
不受影响的珊瑚通常处于珊瑚礁低处，即在温度更低的深水域处。
Now, we have evidence that corals in these locations are able to escape the destructive bleaching that affects portions of the reef in shallower, warmer water.
我们有证据显示，在这些位置的珊瑚能躲过破坏性漂白这一劫，但在更浅水处，水温更高处生长的珊瑚则会受到影响。
So in my mind, it's these refugia that are the key components of overall reef resilience.
所以我认为，这片幸存区正是整个珊瑚礁恢复力的关键组成部分。
These should be the area of concentration for researchers to locate and protect those regions as a way to sustain coral reefs.
研究人员应该集中精力定位并保护这些区域，这是维持珊瑚礁的一种方法。
And we can also protect the reefs by protecting the surrounding ecosystems, like mangrove forests and sea grass beds.
我们还能通过保护周边的生态系统来保护珊瑚礁，像是红树林和海草丛。
Both of these grow in coastal waters, often in the vicinity of coral reefs.
这两种植物都长在沿海水域，珊瑚礁附近。
By protecting these areas, we also protect the coral.
保护这些区域，我们也就保护了珊瑚。
Let's take, for example, the mangrove forests.
以红树林为例。
Mangrove root systems have the ability to absorb and, well, trap sediments and pollutants in water that flows through them before they enter the ocean.
红树林的根系能水流经时吸收保留其中沉积物和污染物，之后再流进海洋。
This of course has beneficial results for the nearby coral reefs.
这当然对附近的珊瑚礁来说是有利的。
And fishery's management is another key strategy.
还有渔业管理也是一个重要策略。
Overfishing can be seriously disruptive to coral.
过度捕捞对珊瑚来说是极具破坏力的。
Let me give you a couple of examples.
让我举几个例子。
Overfishing certain species of fish and shellfish like snappers, barracudas and even lobsters...
过度捕捞一些特定的鱼类和贝壳类，像是鲷鱼、梭鱼，甚至是龙虾……
Well, all of these creatures feed on snails, worms and other organisms that eat coral, so depleting the number of lobsters, for example, means that we are adding to the threat of coral decline.
所有这些生物都以蜗牛、虫子及其它吃珊瑚的生物为食的，所以龙虾的数量大大减少就意味着珊瑚又多了一分衰落的危险。
Sea urchins are another example.
另一个例子是海胆。
They eat algae and prevent it from overwhelming the coral.
海胆是吃藻类的，防止藻类覆盖珊瑚。
Since the disappearance of sea urchins from the waters up the coast of South Florida, many coral reefs there have been smothered by the uncontrolled growth of algae.
自从海胆由南佛罗里达靠岸水域消失以来，藻类不受控制地大量增长，很多珊瑚礁因此窒息而死。
