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经济学人:俄罗斯正统论(1)

来源:经济学人 编辑:Ceciliya   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet
  
  • A visitor to Moscow inquiring about the outlook for Russia's economy
  • 前往莫斯科大厅俄罗斯经济前景的访客
  • will often be met with answers that take a detour into the country's past.
  • 往往会得到一些有关该国往事的答案。
  • Ask, for instance, why Russia runs such conservative budgetary and interest-rate policies
  • 例如询问为什么俄罗斯采取如此保守的预算和利率政策
  • and you may be told that the trauma of default in 1998 bred a strong desire for low debt and low inflation.
  • 你可能会被告知,1998年的违约创伤催生了对低债务和低通胀的强烈愿望。
  • Ask why property rights are weak and you may be taken further back, to the end of serfdom in 1861.
  • 询问为什么财产权如此脆弱,你可能会被带回到1861年农奴制结束的时候。
  • Until then many Russians did not even own their own souls.
  • 在那之前,许多俄罗斯人甚至没有自己的灵魂。
  • Not all investors are history buffs. But looking at Russia through the lens of risk and reward they see a dichotomy.
  • 并非所有投资者都是历史爱好者。但从风险和回报的角度看俄罗斯,他们看到了一个两面性。
  • On the one hand, the emphasis the authorities place on controlling public debt and curbing inflation
  • 一方面,当局把重点放在控制公共债务和抑制通货膨胀上
  • makes it an attractive place for bond investors. Russia is fixed income heaven.
  • 这使得俄罗斯成为了一个吸引债券投资者的地方。俄罗斯是固定收益天堂。
  • On the other, the economy lacks dynamism, in large part because the venturesome cannot lay secure claim to their investments.
  • 另一方面,经济缺乏活力,在很大程度上是因为冒险者无法保证他们的投资是安全的。
  • For equity investors, Russia can be hellish.
  • 对权益投资者而言,俄罗斯可能是地狱。
  • Start with its charms for bond investors. Their aim for their money is to get it back with interest.
  • 从它对债券投资者的吸引力开始。他们赚钱的目标是将钱连本带利的收回。
  • They would also like it to retain its purchasing power. Their big concerns, aside from default,
  • 他们还希望它能保持其购买力。除了违约,他们最大的担忧
  • are inflation and (unless they are buying hard-currency bonds) devaluation. So there is much to like about Russia.
  • 是通货膨胀以及(除非他们购买硬通货债券)货币贬值。因此,俄罗斯有很多值得喜欢的地方。
  • The public-debt burden is light, at below 20% of GDP. True, a lot of tax revenue is tied to the vagaries of oil prices.
  • 公债负担很轻,不到GDP的20%。没错,很多税收和变化无常的石油价格相关。
  • But Russia now has a fiscal rule. Its budget is based on an oil price of $40 a barrel.
  • 但俄罗斯现在有了一个财政规则。它的预算是基于40美元每桶的油价。
  • Any excess revenue goes into a reserve fund. Last year the budget was in comfortable surplus.
  • 任何超额收入都会归入储备基金。去年的预算盈余相当可观。
  • By stopping the government from overspending, the fiscal rule also helps keep a lid on inflation.
  • 通过阻止政府过度消费,财政规则也有助于抑制通胀。
  • The Kremlin allows the central bank to set monetary policy without meddling, to meet a goal of inflation of 4%.
  • 俄罗斯政府允许中央银行在不干预的情况下制定货币政策,以达到4%的通胀目标。
  • The bank's governor, Elvira Nabiullina, is admired for her professional competence—
  • 银行行长Elvira Nabiullina因其专业能力而受到赞赏—
  • and also for persuading Vladimir Putin, Russia's president, to allow the rouble to drop in 2014.
  • 也因说服俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京允许卢布在2014年贬值而受称赞。
  • Inflation has since come under control. She has cut interest rates slowly, to 7.5%.
  • 自此通货膨胀得到控制。她慢慢将利率削减至7.5%。
  • For bondholders this is wonderful: decent yields, low debt and stable inflation. The rouble is steady.
  • 对于债券持有者而言,这很棒:不错的收益、低债务以及稳定的通货膨胀。卢布也很稳定。
  • American sanctions, imposed after 2014 in response to Russia's military intervention in Ukraine,
  • 2014年俄罗斯军事干涉乌克兰后,美国对其实施制裁
  • led many affected Russian firms to pay down foreign debt.
  • 美国制裁导致很多受影响的俄罗斯公司偿还外债。


扫描二维码进行跟读打分训练
~@Q&I,&3xZICZw;

1.outlook 前景
The outlook for jobs is bleak.
就业市场前景暗淡OFrT,bU|r)Nu_g=ZdOY2
2.breed 产生;导致
Nothing breeds success like success.
一事成功万事亨通1mIcr%BTpAn%!;#+RZl
3.curb 抑制
He needs to learn to curb his temper.
他得学着控制自己的脾气tPzJKfXf+Y8+2P7
4.dynamism 活力
...a situation that calls for dynamism and new thinking.
需要活力和新思维的局面

BCL[3c7Zr.Ez+F5.(FI[


AI3Z,qK~ntU-0Gg%nDe;yn+)~ni%D48;h6wF,m
重点单词   查看全部解释    
control [kən'trəul]

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n. 克制,控制,管制,操作装置
vt. 控制

 
surplus ['sə:pləs]

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adj. 多余的,过剩的
n. 过剩,剩余物,

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professional [prə'feʃənl]

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adj. 职业的,专业的,专门的
n. 专业人

 
trauma ['trɔ:mə]

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n. 精神创伤,外伤

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emphasis ['emfəsis]

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n. 强调,重点

 
default [di'fɔ:lt]

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n. 假设值,默认(值), 不履行责任,缺席 v. 默认

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bond [bɔnd]

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n. 债券,结合,粘结剂,粘合剂
vt. 使结

 
conservative [kən'sə:vətiv]

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adj. 保守的,守旧的
n. 保守派(党),

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equity ['ekwəti]

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n. 权益,产权,(无固定利息的)股票,衡平法

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excess [ik'ses, 'ekses]

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n. 过量,超过,过剩
adj. 过量的,额外

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