1. It may forbid speech unless cleared in advance (pre-censorship), punish it after the event (criminal libel) or burden publishers and media with undue regulations or taxes.
in advance 提前
Prep the vegetables in advance.
提前把蔬菜准备好
。after the event 事后
Anyone can be wise after the event.
事后聪明谁都会
。2. With the coming of print, books as a rule needed licence before publication.
as a rule 通常;一般来说
As a rule, however, such attacks have been aimed at causing damage rather than taking life.
然而,通常此类袭击只是为了造成破坏,并非要人性命
。