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Villages were burned to the ground, captured men hanged or shot. Cattle were stolen, thousands driven from their homes.
村庄被夷为平地，俘虏被屠杀。牲口被掠夺，成千上万的人流离失所。
Even the wearing of Highland dress was banned, in an effort to strip the clans not just of their possessions, but of their identity.
甚至连穿高地风格的衣服都被禁止，这不仅仅对部落财产上剥夺，更是从根源上消灭他们。
The hopes and dreams of the Jacobites had to live in the secret world of things now,
詹姆斯二世党人的希望与梦想不得不从此转入地下，
things that could be hidden or disguised -- a lock of Bonnie Prince Charlie's hair or the mysterious emblems engraved on wine glasses.
一切相关的东西都被隐藏或伪装起来，比如美王子查理的一绺头发，亦或是雕刻在酒杯上的神秘图案。
Take a look at this board for example. At first sight, it seems an indecipherable smudge of paint.
比如我们来看一看这块木板。乍一看，这似乎是块很难辨认的画渍。
But if you look at it the right way -- reflected against the silvered mirror of a cylinder, it turns into The Lost Love, the boy born to be king, the saviour across the water.
但若用对了方法看，在圆筒镀银镜的反射下，它变成了失落的爱，我们的小王子，来自大洋彼岸的救世主。
Unhappily for the keepers of the Jacobite flame, Charles Edward in exile went rapidly downhill.
对于詹姆斯二世党人来说更不幸的消息是，流亡中的查理斯·爱德华身体每况愈下。
Too many mistresses, far too much drink, years of indolence, made him prematurely decrepit.
由于沉迷酒色，荒淫无度，常年好逸恶劳，导致他过早衰老。
But the romantic myth of the bonnie prince Charlie, would survive the wreckage of his real history.
无论真实的历史如何狰狞，关于王子的浪漫传说会继续流传。
It would live in the poems and popular ballads, where he would always be the dashing, charismatic boy prince.
他将永远活在诗歌和民谣之中，在那里他永远是潇洒迷人的小王子。
But Jacobitism as a political force was spent.
詹姆斯二世党人大势已去。
In the decades following Culloden, a transformation would take place in Scotland.
在卡洛登战役之后的几十年里，苏格兰经历了翻天覆地的变化。
The Jacobite warriors who'd been unable to break Britannia were given an alternative to returning to their old obsessions of clan loyalty, join the future, join the army of the British Empire.
由于詹姆斯二世党军队无法撼动大不列颠的统治，他们面对两个选择，要么继续回到过去的氏族社会，要么顺应大势加入英国皇家军队。
Many thousands took the offer. Instead of being the perennial victims of that empire, they now colonised it.
大部分人都选择了后者。与其成为过去王朝的受害者，还不如开拓新的生活。
In the cities, too, a new Scotland was being born.
在城市里，一个崭新的苏格兰正在诞生。
In just 20 years or so after Culloden, it became common to refer to Edinburgh and Glasgow as hotbeds of genius.
在卡洛登战役之后的20年时间里，人们常常把爱丁堡和格拉斯哥称为天才的摇篮。
The collapse of the backward-looking cult of honour made room for the flowering of the forward-looking cult of modernity.
当过去被盲目崇拜的荣耀不复存在时，人们开始向往美好的未来。
In the academies, drawing rooms and reading clubs of Scottish cities, hopeless dreams were replaced by the appetite for hard facts and hard cash.
在苏格兰各城市的各个学院、画室、阅览室里，绝望的梦想都被对现实与金钱的强烈欲望所代替。
The first British theory of progress was sketched out by Scottish philosophers like Adam Ferguson and David Hume.
英国的第一个进步理论就是由像亚当·费格森和大卫·休莫这些苏格兰哲学家提出的。
They looked at their own country's tragedy and saw in its history the entire arc of human social evolution,
他们审视自己祖国的悲惨命运，纵观整个人类社会的进化历史，
from hunting and gathering societies to settled farmers and, finally, to true civilisation -- the world of commerce, science and industry, the world of the towns.
从狩猎和采集社会到稳定的农业社会，最终到真正的文明社会，一个充满商业化、科学化、工业化，充满城市化气息的世界。
It was another Scot, Robert Adam, who became the first British king of architectural style.
另一位苏格兰人罗伯特·亚当，则成为了大不列颠建筑史的开创者。
Less than 20 years after Bonnie Prince Charlie had retreated from Derby, a different Scottish conqueror came back to Derbyshire and, this time, he was invincible.
在美王子查理从德比郡撤离后不到20年的时间里，另一位苏格兰的"征服者"来到了德比郡，而这一次，他所向披靡。
At Kedleston Hall, Robert Adam built in a new style for a new kind of aristocrat.
在凯德尔斯顿庄园，罗伯特·亚当为一群新贵族们创造了一种全新建筑风格。
Its owner, the first Lord Scarsdale, was a true new Briton -- rich, not just from land, but from the coal mines of Derbyshire.
这个建筑的主人斯卡德尔勋爵，是真正的英国新贵族--富有，不仅仅拥有土地，还拥有德比郡的煤矿资源。
What he wanted was a house that would not overpower the visitor with vulgar displays of swaggering wealth,
他所想要的不是一座依靠对财富庸俗的炫耀来征服参观者的建筑，
but somewhere that would speak of Roman grandeur, of noble classical austerity, of loftiness of mind, of purity of taste, a palace of contemplation, a temple of virtue.
而是有着罗马式风格的宏伟、高贵、经典而朴实，并有着崇高精神和正统风格的一座令人深思的宫殿，代表美德的圣堂。
Could the accumulation of private riches be a force for general happiness?
私有财产的积累能否给人们带来普遍的幸福？
The Scot who made the deepest mark on the future of Britain certainly thought so.
这位在大不列颠未来发展道路上留下深深足迹的苏格兰人当然是这么想的。
In 1746, while the last survivors of Cumberland's butchery were being hunted down, Adam Smith, son of a customs officer, had an exhilarating vision of the future.
在1746年，在经历坎伯兰大屠杀后仍被追杀的唯一幸存者亚当·史密斯，一位海关官员的儿子，对未来有个美好的憧憬。
That vision was based on Smith's rejection of guilt and sin.
那种憧憬是建立在他摒弃罪恶感的基础上。
But it would his revolutionary book, "The Wealth of Nations", which would mark Scotland's farewell to sentimental self-destruction.
但在他那本具有革命性的著作，《国富论》，标志着苏格兰彻底摆脱了自我灭亡的命运。
Upbeat and optimistic about the happiness of material life, Smith laid out, as a matter of scientific fact, mankind's natural drive to self-betterment.
继而开始对美好的物质生活充满向往，史密斯写道，作为一个科学性的事实，人类生来是为了不断的自我完善。
Allowed to follow their natural urges, men would create, without even willing it, a better world. Richer, freer, more educated.
在允许追逐自己的私欲的前提下，人类可以创造一个更美好的世界。更加富有、自由和享受更好教育。
The best thing government could do was get out of the way and allow the "Invisible hand of the market" to do its work.
而政府能做的就是不再干预市场，允许市场上无形的手来进行自我调控。
The economic world was like a watch, he wrote, its springs and wheels all admirably adjusted to the ends for which it was made.
他写道，经济世界就像块手表一样，它的弹簧和发条都已经完全适应了自身的运作方式。
So, too, the countless movements of men would perfectly interact for the purposes for which God had made them.
因此，人们的任何行为活动都与上帝所指引的方向完美地相互影响着。
That purpose was progress, and it was one of history's sweetest ironies that it had fallen to Scotland -- poor, bloodied, mutilated Scotland -- to show Britannia the way ahead.
那个方向就是进步，这也是对历史最好的一个讽刺，正是因为这种思想让贫穷、落后、残缺不全的苏格兰，引领了大不列颠前进的道路。
If you want to see the future, forget the pompous monuments of England's past.
如果你想知道未来是怎样，那么就先忘却英格兰那些荣耀的过去。
Come north instead to the new towns of Glasgow and Edinburgh and see the future of Britain. The future, perhaps, of the world.
去北方吧，去像格拉斯哥或爱丁堡这样的新城市吧，在那里你能看到英国的未来。这个未来，或许也就是世界的未来。
