One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.

【译文】

一是普遍的保密气氛，科研就是在这种气氛中进行的；二是个体的研究人员缺乏自由。

【讲解】it指scientific research。the other the lack of…中other后省略了is。

【单词和短语】

secrecy：秘密，秘密状态，保密（the process of keeping something secret, or when something is kept a secret），

例如：
do sth. with great secrecy 极秘密地做某事

practise secrecy 保密

The mayor stressed the necessity of absolute secrecy.
市长强调必须绝对保密。

There was no effort at secrecy.
没有一点保密措施。

secrecy的形容词形式为secret。

carry out 施行，实现

He will carry out his plan.
他要执行他的计划。

He hasn't the funds to carry out his design.
他没有资金来施行他的设计。

He made no attempt to carry out his undertaking.
他无意实现他的诺言。