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莱茵河是德国最重要的水路和运河,与其它西欧主要河流. 德国许多制造业以及工业城市都位于莱茵河。莱茵河对运输以及内河航运都非常重要.
The castles of the Rhine Valley.
All Germany is rich in castles but the romantic Rhine Valley - the heartland of the old Holy Roman Empire - has a particularly high density of important medieval military buildings. Some are ruins, but many, like Marksburg Castle, have survived the ravages of war, fire and neglect . Some are fascinating windows into the age of chivalry and the development of this fascinating form of military construction.
莱茵河流域的古堡.
德国富人都住在城堡里，而浪漫莱茵河流域—是古罗马神圣帝国的中心地带--尤其是高密度的中世纪重要的军事建筑. 有的已经成了废墟,但许多像Marksburg城堡,经受战争，饱受战火被世人忽视后然仍保存了下来. 一些有趣的窗户在骑士时代建筑的现在却发展成为了军事的建筑结构模式.
The castles of the Rhine which are such a characteristic feature of the river landscape, were created by the martial spirit of the Middle Ages as purely defensive structures, devoid of all romantic notions, They were built by powerful rulers over sacred and secular territories, on hilltops, and in the lowlands as moated castles to protect their manorail estates and their inhabitants. In most cases the work of breaking the stones and erecting the massive walls and turrets as done by feudal serfs.
古堡莱茵河拥有河畔景观的特征,那是由中世纪的尚武精神纯粹用来防御时创建的,没有任何浪漫的想法,强大的统治者创建了它们并超越了宗教的力量，长期占领了这片领土,他们在山顶，平地以及护城河城堡建筑来保护地主阶级及其居民. 被统治的奴隶们在大量的工作下，通过挖掘石头并直立起来,形成了石墙和炮塔。
Goethe's journey down the Rhine in 1774 was the start of the Age of romanticism. From the beginning of the 19th century on wars, The Rhine Valley became a centre of attractions for tourist from many European countries. This area is also interesting and attractive for the visitors is not only the large number of castles, but also charming, old world little towns surrounded by fortified walls, towers and gates, churches and wine growing villages.
1774年歌德的莱茵河之旅揭开了莱茵河畔的浪漫时代. 从19 世纪大战开始,莱茵河流域成为吸引许多欧洲国家的游客旅游中心. 莱茵河畔不仅以大量的城堡，更以其迷人的四周加固古老小镇，塔楼，城门，教堂以及葡萄酒成长的小村庄吸引了大量的游客。
相传往日岩头有个仙女美极，终日歌唱不绝。一个船夫傍晚行船，走过岩下。听见她的歌声，仰头一看，不觉忘其所以，连船带人都撞碎在岩上。后来又死了一位伯爵的儿子。这可闯下大祸来了。伯爵派兵遣将，给儿子报仇。他们打算捉住她，锁起来，从岩顶直摔下河里去。但是她不愿死在他们手里，她呼唤莱茵母亲来接她；河里果然白浪翻腾，她便跳到浪里。从此声闻岩下听不见歌声，看不见倩影，只剩晚霞在岩头明灭。德国大诗人海涅有诗咏此事；此事传播之广，这篇诗也有关系的。第一章云：
两峰隐夕阳，莱茵流不息。
峰际一美人，粲然金发明，
清歌时一曲，余音响入云。
凝听复凝望，舟子忘所向，
怪石耿中流，人与舟俱丧。
