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Women really DO like the strong, silent type: Scientists find happy men are 'significantly less attractive' to ladies
女性更偏爱肌肉沉默型男；专家发现“阳光男”对女性更缺乏吸引力
Men rank women more attractive than women rank men, researchers concluded Women find happy men significantly less sexually attractive than those who swagger or brood, researchers said today.
女性对男性的吸引力要大于男性对女性的吸引力，研究人员得出结论，那些看上去阳光快乐的男性较之于他们昂首阔步、沉默寡言的同类，对女性而言更缺乏性的吸引力。
They are least attracted to smiling men, instead preferring those who looked proud and powerful, or moody and ashamed, according to a study.
据一项研究结果，女性对微笑的男性并无太大兴趣；她们倒是更喜欢那些看上去傲慢自大、强硬或者忧郁、害羞的男性。
In contrast, men are most sexually attracted to women who look happy, and least attracted to those who appear proud and confident.
与之相反，男性更容易被那些看上去快乐的女性所吸引，而很难对那些看似骄傲和自信的女性感兴趣。
The University Of British Columbia study, which is the first to report a significant gender difference in the attractiveness of smiles, helps explain the enduring allure of 'bad boys' and other iconic gender stereotypes.
不列颠哥伦比亚大学研究首次发现了两性之间最为明显的差异是对微笑的兴趣，这有助于解释“坏男孩”持久的吸引力以及其它一些象征性的性别类型。
It is also the first study to investigate the attractiveness of displays of pride and shame.
同时，这个研究也首次探究了骄傲和害羞这两种表情的吸引力。
Lead researcher Professor Jessica Tracy said: 'While showing a happy face is considered essential to friendly social interactions, including those involving sexual attraction - few studies have actually examined whether a smile is, in fact, attractive.
首席研究者杰西卡·特蕾西（Jessica Tracy）教授说：“快乐的表情被认为是进行友好社会交往的基本要素，包括那些包含了性的吸引的---- 但是没有研究真正地考察微笑是否具有吸引力。”
'This study finds that men and women respond very differently to displays of emotion, including smiles.'
这一研究发现男性和女性对包括微笑在内的表情的反应是不同的。
More than 1,000 adult participants rated the sexual attractiveness of hundreds of images of the opposite sex.
参与调查的1000多名成年人对数百张异性的图像进行了性吸引力的评价。
These photos included universal displays of happiness (broad smiles), pride (raised heads, puffed-up chests) and shame (lowered heads, averted eyes).
这些图片包括了被公认的下列表情：快乐（开怀大笑），骄傲（昂首挺胸）和害羞（低头，转移目光）。
The researchers found that women were least attracted to smiling, happy men - in contrast to men, who were most attracted to women who looked happy.
研究者发现女性对微笑的快乐男性最不感兴趣——相反地，男性最易被看上去快乐的女性所吸引。
Overall, the researchers said, men rank women more attractive than women rank men.
总之，研究者声称，两性之间，男性更易被女性所吸引。
Study co-author Alec Beall said: 'It is important to remember that this study explored first-impressions of sexual attraction to images of the opposite sex.
合作研究者亚力克·比尔（Alec Beall）说：“这个研究考察了当第一次看到异性照片时所感受到的性吸引力，这一点很重要。”
'We were not asking participants if they thought these targets would make a good boyfriend or wife - we wanted their gut reactions on carnal, sexual attraction.'
“我们并非在询问参与者们，她（他）们认为这些人是否能成为好的男友或妻子——我们只是想要知道她（他）们对这些人是否具有身体和性的吸引力的本能反应。”
Professor Tracy and Mr Beall said that other studies suggest that what people find attractive has been shaped by centuries of evolutionary and cultural forces.
特蕾西教授和比尔先生称，其它一些研究揭示人们所认为的吸引力受到几个世纪以来进化和文化力量的型塑。
For example, evolutionary theories suggest females are attracted to male displays of pride because they imply status, competence and an ability to provide for a partner and offspring.
例如，进化理论认为女性更易被具有骄傲表情的男性吸引，是因为这些男性表现了地位、才干和供养伴侣和后代的能力。
According to Mr Beall, the pride expression accentuates typically masculine physical features, such as upper body size and muscularity.
比尔先生认为，骄傲的面部表情强调了典型的肌肉体征，比方说，宽肩阔背。
'Previous research has shown that these features are among the most attractive male physical characteristics, as judged by women,' he said.
他说：“之前的研究表明，女性认为，这些体征被认为是最具吸引力的男性体征。”
The researchers said more work is needed to understand the differing responses to happiness, but suggest the phenomenon can also be understood according to principles of evolutionary psychology, as well as socio-cultural gender norms.
研究人员认为，在理解对快乐的不同反应方面，还需要做更多的工作，但这一现象也可以通过进化心理学以及社会文化的性别规范的原理来理解。
For example, past research has associated smiling with a lack of dominance, which is consistent with traditional gender norms of the 'submissive and vulnerable' woman, but inconsistent with the 'strong, silent' man.
例如，以往的研究将微笑与缺乏控制支配地位相联系，这也同传统性别规范中“居于服从地位和脆弱的”女性相一致，与“强大而沉默的”男性不相符。
Professor Tracy said: 'Generally, the results appear to reflect some very traditional gender norms and cultural values that have emerged, developed and been reinforced through history, at least in Western cultures.
特蕾西教授说：“通常地，研究结果反映了在历史发展过程中曾出现、发展并得到巩固的一些非常传统的性别规范和文化价值，至少是在西方文化中。”
'These include norms and values that many would consider old-fashioned and perhaps hoped that we've moved beyond.'
“它们包含了许多曾被认为过时，我们希望将之摒弃的规范和价值。”
