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According to the Medical Research Council's Reproductive Biology Unit, sperm counts are falling by around three per cent every year, so we spoke to Dr Allan Pacey, male fertility expert from Sheffield University and secretary of the British Fertility Society, to get the lowdown on male fertility.
根据医疗调查委员会的复制的生物样本，每年精子的数量会下降到大约3%，因此我们采访了Allan Pacey,来自谢菲尔德大学的男性生殖专家，英国生殖力协会秘书来弄清男性生殖。
Male infertility is mostly caused by men producing too few sperm or sperm that don't work properly (i.e. they don't swim as well as they should, or when they meet an egg they don't fertilise it as they should).
男性不孕大多数是由男人产生太少的精子或精子没有适当运转（例如它们没有像它们应该的那样游动，或当它们遇到一个卵巢它们没有按它们应该做的生殖）导致的。
The main test for male fertility is called 'semen analysis'. This is where a man provides a sample of semen to be examined under the microscope to check the number of sperm and also some aspects of their quality (how well they swim and their size and shape mainly). It is important that the man abstains from sex or masturbation for between two and five days before this test is carried out. It is also important that this is carried out by a proper laboratory used to looking at semen. Based on the tests from semen analysis some men may then have their hormones checked and also some genetic tests performed.
对于男性生殖主要的测试被称为“精液分析”。也就是人们提供精液的样本在显微镜下被用来检查精子的数量和它们质量的一些方面（它们游动的有多好和它们主要的形状和类型）。重要的是人们放弃性和手淫2到5天在这项测试实施之前。同样重要的是，这在被用来照看精液的恰当的实验室里实施。然后基于来自精液分析的测试，一些人可能检验荷尔蒙，同样一些基因测试会被执行。
Most of the existing solutions are to try to help the sperm that the man is producing get to the egg in some way. This might include a simple insemination of his partner (IUI), or it may mean in vitro fertilisation (IVF). In more severe cases, individual sperm could be injected into eggs collected from the man's partner. This technique is known as ICSI. If the man is producing no sperm, then normally this means that he will have to consider using the sperm from a donor. Although in some very rare cases if this is because of a hormone production problem, it can sometimes be corrected.
存在的大多数解决方案是试着帮助人们生产的精子在某种程度上获得卵巢。这可能包括简单的它的伴侣的授精（促排卵方法),或者它可能意味着试管内受精（体外受精）。更严重的案例，个体的精子能够被注射到收集于人们的伙伴的卵子上。这种技术被称作试管婴儿。如果男人产生不了精子，然后正常地他得考虑使用来自捐献者的精子。虽然在一些罕见的案例中，如果这是因为荷尔蒙生产问题，有时能被纠正。
There is no evidence that older men produce fewer sperm, but there is evidence that the sperm from older men are of poorer quality. This is evident in two ways. First the partners of older fathers are more likely to have a miscarriage compared to the partners of younger men. There is also evidence that the children of older fathers are more at risk of having some rare genetic diseases. Both of these observations suggest that the DNA of the sperm from older men has been altered or mutated in some way.
没有证据表明，老年人会产生越来越少的精子，但显而易见的是，老年人的精子质量很差。两天前这被证实。首先老父亲的配偶对比于青年人更易流产。同样显而易见的是老年人的孩子会承担更多罕见的基因疾病的危险。这些观察显示，在某种程度上老年人精子的DNA被改变了或变异了。
Some of the treatments for cancer and similar drugs used to treat arthritic conditions or some kidney disorders can affect sperm counts. This is why some men get offered the opportunity to bank sperm before they start those treatments.
一些对于癌症的治疗和用来治关节炎的相似的药品或肾障碍会影响精子的数量。这就是为什么一些人在开始治疗之前获得堆积精子的机会。
