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Women who eat junk food but are not overweight are still increasing their risk of cancer, a study has found. Previous research suggested the risk of cancer increased because processed foods such as burgers and pizza made people overweight.
一项研究发现：吃垃圾食品但却不胖的女生仍会增加自己患癌症的风险。先前的研究表明：由于汉堡和披萨等加工食品会让人变胖，所以患癌症的风险会增加。
But this latest study found that such high energy-low nutrient foods contributed to a 10% higher risk of developing cancer in women even if they were of normal weight. The findings, published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, used figures from 90,000 postmenopausal women in the US assessing their diet and any cancer diagnosis.
但这项最新的研究发现：如果女性是正常体重，那么摄入这些能量高、营养低的食物会使她们增加10%的患癌率。研究结果发表在《营养学会杂志》（Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics）上，该研究对美国9万名绝经的女性进行分析，评估她们的饮食和任何癌症诊断。
Lead investigator Prof Cynthia Thomson, of the University of Arizona, said: "The demonstrated effect in normal-weight women in relation to risk for obesity-related cancers is novel and contrary to our hypothesis. "This finding suggests that weight management alone may not protect against obesity-related cancers should women favour a diet pattern indicative of high energy density."
亚利桑那大学首席研究员辛西娅·汤姆森教授说："正常体重的女性和与肥胖相关的癌症风险之间显示的效果是新颖的，也是与我们的假设相反的。""这一研究结果表明：如果女性喜欢高能量密度的饮食，那么仅仅只是管理体重可能无法预防与肥胖相关的癌症。"
The study focuses on high dietary energy density (DED) foods such as biscuits and confectionery. DED is a measure of food quality and the relationship of calories to nutrients. The more calories per gram of weight a food has, the higher its DED. Whole foods - such as vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and beans - are considered low-DED foods because they provide a lot of nutrients using very few calories.
研究着重于饮食能量密度高的食物，比如饼干和糖果。饮食能量密度是测量食物质量和卡路里与营养成分关系的方式。每克食物所含的卡路里量越高，其饮食能量密度就越高。蔬菜、水果、瘦肉和豆类等全食被认为是饮食能量密度低的食物，因为这些食物的热量低，但营养成分却很高。
Fibre in foods like whole grains and potatoes with skin can also help to reduce energy density. Obesity-related cancers include those affecting the breast, bowel, womb, oesophagus, pancreas, kidney, liver, gallbladder, ovary and thyroid. The study found that women who ate a diet higher in DED were 10% more likely to develop an obesity-related cancer.
全谷物和带皮的土豆等食物中含有的纤维能帮助减少能量密度。与肥胖相关的癌症包括乳腺癌、肠癌、子宫癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、肝癌、胆囊癌、卵巢癌和甲状腺癌。研究发现饮食能量密度高的女性，她们患与肥胖相关的癌症的风险要高10%。
The study even revealed that the increased risk appeared limited to women who were of a normal weight at enrolment in the programme.
该研究甚至揭示：在该计划中，似乎只有正常体重的女性才会增加患癌症的风险。
Although restricting energy dense foods may play a role in weight management, the researchers found that weight gain was not solely responsible for the rise in cancer risk among normal weight women in the study.
虽然限制能量密集型食物可能会对体重管理起作用，但研究员发现：在研究中的那些体重正常的女性中，体重增加并非患癌率提高的唯一原因。
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