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Having a little wine or beer to unwind most days may help lower the odds of a premature death as long as that drink or two doesn’t routinely turn into more, a new study confirms. Researchers examined health survey data on more than 333,000 US adults, following them for an average of about eight years to see how their drinking habits influenced their survival odds.
一项新研究证实：大多数的时候喝点红酒或啤酒放松或能降低过早死亡的风险，只要不贪杯就行。研究人员检查了超过33.3万美国成年人的健康调查数据，对这些人平均随访了8年，以了解人们的饮酒习惯会如何影响他们的生存几率。
Compared with people who never had a drop of alcohol, light to moderate drinkers were more than 20% less likely to die early of any cause, or of heart disease in particular, the study found.
研究发现：与从未沾过一滴酒的人相比，饮酒少量或适中的人因任何原因或尤其是由于心脏病死亡的几率要少20%。
Heavy drinkers and binge drinkers, however, were at least 10% more likely to die from any cause during the study, and they had at least 20% higher odds of an early death from cancer in particular.
然而，在研究中，重度饮酒者和酗酒者因任何原因死亡的风险至少要高10%，他们因为癌症过早去世的几率至少要高20%。
“If alcohol is consumed, it should be consumed in moderation,” said lead study author Dr Bo Xi of the School of Public Health at Shandong University in China.
“喝酒一定要适度，”本研究的首席作者、中国山东大学公共卫生学院的Bo Xi博士说。
Heavy drinking has long been linked to a variety of medical problems including liver disease, heart disease and certain cancers. But previous research has offered an inconclusive picture of the survival odds associated with light or moderate drinking.
长期以来，重度饮酒都与各种各样的医疗问题相关，包括肝病、心脏病和某些癌症。但先前的研究也表明了生存几率与中轻度饮酒关系的不确定性。
The current analysis attempts to tackle two issues that have contributed to inconsistent results in much of the earlier research: abstainer bias’ and sick quitter bias.’ Many other studies compared moderate drinkers to people who currently didn’t drink, making it impossible to separate people who stopped drinking due to addiction or other health reasons from people who were lifelong abstainers.
目前的分析试图解决两个问题，这两个问题使得先前的多数研究得出了不一致的结果：戒酒者偏见和患病后戒酒偏见。很多其它的研究都将中度饮酒者与目前不喝酒的人进行比较，因此很难将由于上瘾或其它健康问题而戒酒的人与一生都不喝酒的人区分开。
To exclude sick quitters,’ the current study left out people who died in the first two years of follow-up. To avoid abstainer bias,’ researchers created separate categories for adults who never drank at all and for ex-drinkers.
为了排除患病后戒酒的人，目前的研究删除了随访前两年就去世的人群。为了避免戒酒者偏见，研究员将从不喝酒的成年人和戒酒者进行了分类。
They sorted adults into six categories for the current study: lifetime abstainers; people who have always had alcohol on rare occasions; ex-drinkers; current light drinkers who have fewer than three drinks a week; moderate drinkers (more than three drinks a week but fewer than 14 for men or 7 for women); or heavy drinkers (more than 14 for men or 7 for women).
目前的研究将成年人分为了六类：从不喝酒者、偶尔喝酒者、戒酒者、目前喝酒少量者（每周少于三次）、适度饮酒者（每周喝酒多于三次，但男性少于十四次，女性少于七次）和重度饮酒者（男性多于十四次，女性多于七次）。
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