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EU rules to force USB-C chargers for all phones
欧盟将强制所有手机使用USB-C充电接口
Manufacturers will be forced to create a universal charging solution for phones and small electronic devices, under a new rule proposed by the European Commission (EC).
根据欧盟委员会（EC）提出的新规，制造商将被迫为手机和小型电子设备提供通用充电解决方案。
The aim is to reduce waste by encouraging consumers to re-use existing chargers when buying a new device.
其目的是通过鼓励消费者在购买新设备时重复使用现有充电设备来减少浪费。
All smartphones sold in the EU must have USB-C chargers, the proposal said.
该提案称，在欧盟销售的所有智能手机都必须配备USB-C充电器。
Apple has warned such a move would harm innovation.
苹果公司警告，此举将遏制创新。
The tech giant is the main manufacturer of smartphones using a custom charging port, as its iPhone series uses an Apple-made "Lightning" connector.
苹果公司生产的智能手机使用定制充电端口，其iPhone系列使用苹果制造的“闪电”连接线。
"We remain concerned that strict regulation mandating just one type of connector stifles innovation rather than encouraging it, which in turn will harm consumers in Europe and around the world," the firm told the BBC.
苹果公司告诉英国广播公司：“我们坚持认为，严格规定只能使用一种连接线会扼杀创新，而不是鼓励创新，这反而会损害欧洲和世界各地消费者的利益。”
Most Android phones come with USB micro-B charging ports, or have already moved to the more modern USB-C standard.
大多数安卓手机都配有USB micro-B充电端口，或者已经更新为更现代的USB-C端口。
New models of the iPad and MacBook use USB-C charging ports, as do high-end phone models from popular Android manufacturers such as Samsung and Huawei.
iPad和MacBook的新机型使用USB-C充电端口，三星和华为等知名高端安卓手机制造商也使用USB-C充电端口。
The changes would apply to the charging port on the device body, whereas the end of the cable connecting to a plug could be USB-C or USB-A.
规定要求设备主体上的充电端口需要更改为USB-C，而连接到插头的电缆端可以是USB-C或USB-A。
Around half of chargers sold with mobile phones in the European Union in 2018 had a USB micro-B connector, while 29% had a USB-C connector and 21% a Lightning connector, a Commission impact assessment study in 2019 found.
欧盟委员会2019年的一项影响评估研究发现，2018年在欧盟销售的手机充电器中，约有一半采用USB micro-B接口，29%采用USB-C接口，21%采用“闪电”接口。
The proposed rules will apply to:
新规提案将适用于：
smartphones
智能手机
tablets
平板电脑
cameras
照相机
headphones
耳机
portable speakers
便携式音箱
handheld video game consoles
手持电子游戏机
Other products including earbuds, smart-watches and fitness trackers were not considered for technical reasons linked to size and use conditions.
嵌入式耳机、智能手表和健身追踪器等产品由于受尺寸和使用条件等技术原因限制不在适用范围内。
The proposal also standardizes fast charging speeds - meaning devices capable of fast charging will be charged at the same speeds.
该提案还对快速充电速度进行了标准化，这意味着能够快速充电的设备将以相同的速度充电。
Preventing waste
防止浪费
EU politicians have been campaigning for a common standard for over a decade, with the Commission's research estimating that disposed of and unused charging cables generate more than 11,000 tonnes of waste per year.
十多年来，欧盟政客一直在为通用标准而努力，欧盟委员会的研究估计，废弃和未使用的充电线每年会产生超过11000吨的废物。
In the European Union, around 420 million mobile phones and other portable electronic devices were sold in the last year.
在欧盟，2020年销售了约4.2亿部手机和其他便携式电子设备。
The average person owns around three mobile phone chargers, of which they use two regularly.
普通人大约有三个手机充电器，其中两个经常使用。
In 2009, there were more than 30 different chargers, whereas now most models stick to three - the USB-C, Lightning and USB micro-B.
2009年，共有30多种不同的充电器，而现在大多数手机型号都使用三种——USB-C、“闪电”和USB micro-B。
It may be a number of years before the proposals come into effect.
这项提案可能需要若干年才能生效。
The legislative proposal, known as a Directive, will be debated by the European Parliament and national governments.
欧洲议会和各国政府将针对这项指令进行辩论。
MEPs and member states may suggest amendments to the proposal. Only once the EC has agreed these amendments, will the directive be enacted.
欧洲议会议员和成员国可对提案提出修改意见。只有在欧盟委员会同意这些修改意见后，该指令才能通过。
The EC hopes that will happen in 2022 - after which member states usually have two years to enact the rules into national law, and manufacturers will have 24 months to change their charging ports.
欧盟委员会希望在2022年颁布该指令——此后，成员国一般有两年的时间将该项指令写入本国法律，制造商将有24个月的时间更换充电端口。
"We gave industry plenty of time to come up with their own solutions, now time is ripe for legislative action for a common charger. This is an important win for our consumers and environment and in line with our green and digital ambitions," Commission Vice President Margrethe Vestager said.
欧盟委员会副主席玛格丽特·维斯塔格表示：“我们给了业界足够的时间来提出他们自己的解决方案，现在采取立法行动统一充电器的时机已经成熟。这对我们的消费者和环境来说是一个重要的胜利，符合我们的绿色和数字化发展目标。”
