Chapter 9

Social Affairs 英国社会

Religion 宗教

1. Everyone in Britain has the right to religious freedom with out interference from the community or the State. (He may believe in any church or none at all.) He may change his religion at will may manifest his faith in teaching, worship and observance. Except that the Lord Chancellor may be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or none.

在英国，人人都有信仰宗教的权利，社会和政府不得干涉。他可以随意改变宗教信仰，可以在布道，礼拜和仪式中表明他的信仰。除了大法官不可以是罗马天主教徒外，公共职务对各种信仰或没有信仰的人一律公开。

2. Established churches国教

There are two established church in Britain: in England the church of England and in Scotland the (Presbyterian) Church of Scotland.

英国有两大国教，在英格兰是英格兰国教，苏格兰是苏格兰教会（长老教）。

3. Church of England is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church and as "Defender of the Faith". The Church is also linked with the State through the House of loads. The church of England is not free to change its form of worship, as laid down in the Book of Common Prayer without the consent of Parliament.

英格兰国教与君主有独特的联系。因为君主作为“国教的捍卫者”必须是此教会的一员，他在登基时必须承诺维持国教。国教还通过上议院与国家联系起来。没有议会同意，英格兰教会不可随意改变“国教祈祷书”中规定的礼拜仪式。

4. The government of the Church of Scotland is Presbyterian, that is, government by ministers and elders, all of whom are ordained to office. The Monarch is normally represented at the general assembly by the Lord High Commissioner.

苏格兰教的管理时长老制，也就是由教士和长老治理。他们被授予圣职，王室高级代表通常代表君主光临会议。

5. Unestablished churches

非国教教会

There are include: the Anglican Churches(圣公会)，the Free Churches(自由教会)；(the largest of the Free Churches —the Methodist Church 最大的自由教会—卫

理公会)，the Roman Catholic Church（罗马天主教）。

IV. Festival and Public Holidays

节假日

1.Christian festivals 基督教节日

The Christian festival of the year and Christmas, Easter, and Whit Sunday.

其主要的节日有圣诞节，复活节，圣灵降临节

Christmas day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and it is the greatest of Christian festivals. Easter celebrates the Resurrection (复活) of Christ. Easter is traditionally associated with the eating Easter eggs.Whit Sunday (圣灵节) celebrates the coming of the Holy Spirit to Christ's apostles seven days after his death, and it is on the seventh Sunday after Easter.

圣诞节，12.25，纪念耶稣的诞生，是最盛大的基督教节日。复活节是庆祝基督的复活。复活节有吃复活节彩蛋的习惯。圣灵节是庆祝基督去世7周后，重新降临到他的使徒们中间，在复活节后第7个周日。

2.Other festivals 其他节日

Britain’s other festivals include New Year's Day, Gy Fawkes Day (篝火节), April Fools Day（愚人节）, Mother's Day and the Remembrance Day (Armistice Day)