TOEFL单词短语学习：

heading v. 用头顶（head的ing形式） (verb): going or traveling toward

- Let's head east to avoid the traffic.

commute n. 通勤（口语） (noun): the trip back and forth between work and home

- The commute to work this morning was really slow due to bad weather.

interchange n. 互换；立体交叉道 (noun): a crossing of highways allowing traffic to move from one to another

- The downtown interchange is closed due to construction.

shift vt. 转移；改变；替换 (verb): to move in another direction

- We ought to shift to the center lane to pass these slow-moving cars.

bottleneck n. 瓶颈；障碍物 (noun): a slowdown in traffic caused by some form of obstruction like an accident

- There is a huge bottleneck in traffic at the intersection of Center and State Street.

fender-bender 小车祸 (noun): a small accident causing little damage

- I got in a small fender-bender with a truck on my way home from work.

black ice 黑冰 (noun): thin transparent ice often found on streets

- I hit a patch of black ice and slid off the road into a ditch.

sporadic adj. 零星的；分散的；不定时发生的 (adjective): occurring periodically with no regular, predictable pattern

- Buses usually are on time, but they are quite sporadic today because of the bad weather.

frigid adj. 寒冷的，严寒的；冷淡的 (adjective): extremely cold

- Waiting for the bus in the frigid weather is very unpleasant.

herd n. 兽群，畜群；放牧人 (noun): a group of animals

- A herd of cattle crossed in front of my car.