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LESSON 18 The dog with the lantern
第十八课 狗和灯笼
Here is a dog with a lantern in his mouth.
这儿有一条狗，他的嘴里有一个灯笼。
He is seeking for his master.
他在找他的主人。
Carlo, for that was the name of the dog, had been taught to be useful. The roads, in the place where his master lived, were often so bad that, on dark nights, it was not safe for any person to go out without a light.
Carlo，这是这条狗的名字，他已经被训练得很有用了。他主人居住的那条路很糟糕，以致于在黑暗的夜里，人们出去时没有灯光是很不安全的。
So Carlo's master taught him to carry a lantern for him at night; and he did it as steadily as any boy could have done.
所以Carlo的主人训练Carlo晚上为他拎一个灯笼；Carlo做的像任何一个男孩都可以做到的那样好。
Carlo never trotted too far before, but kept near at hand, so that the bright light of the lantern might guide his master's steps.
Carlo从来不会走在主人前面太远，而是保持在附近，以使灯笼的强光可以指引主人的脚步。
When he came to any part of the road where there was a deep rut or hole, he would turn round to his master, as much as to say, Take care; there is a hole here.
当他碰到路面上有很深的凹槽或洞穴的地方时，他会转向他的主人，等于说：“当心，这里有个洞。”
The dog's master lived about a mile from the town; and when he could not get home before dark, Carlo used to be sent to him with the lantern.
这条狗的主人住在离小镇一英里的地方；当他天黑前不能回家时，Carl叼着灯笼常常被送去他身边。
Come, Carlo, go for master! was the order; and it never had to be given twice. Carlo knew where to go, quite as well as he knew the road which his master would take.
“去吧，Carlo，去主人那儿！”是命令；它从不需要给出两次。Carlo知道要去哪儿，好像他知道主人会走哪条路。
But Carlo did not always at once find his master. When he got to the town, he would run off to a house where he knew his master often was. Still holding his lantern, he would scratch at the street-door and bark; as much as to say, Here am I, master—lantern as well; are you ready for home?
但是Carlo并不是总会马上找到它的主人。当他到达镇上时，他就会跑去主人经常在的那个房子那儿。他会叼着灯笼，抓挠外门，叫唤，等于说：“主人，我在这儿，灯笼也在；你准备好回家了吗？”
Some one would perhaps come to the door and say. Your master is not here, Carlo. Carlo would growl, as if he meant to say, Then he is somewhere else, and I must find him.
有人可能会去门口，说：“Carlo，你的主人不在这儿。”Carlo会咆哮，好像他想说：“他一定在别的地方，我一定要找到他。”
He would then run off to one house after another, until he found his master; when the two set off together for home.
然后他会跑去一个又一个的房子那儿，直到他找到主人，两个一起出发回家。
QUESTIONS
问题
What was the name of the dog in the picture? What had he been taught to do? Why was this of great use? What did he do when he came to a hole? What order was given to him after dark? How did he find his master?
图中的狗叫什么？他被训练去做什么？这个为什么很有用？当他碰到洞时，他会怎么做？太黑有他会收到什么指令？他怎样找到他的主人？
TRUTH
真理
The child who learns to hate a lie,
学会憎恨谎言的小孩，
And scorns to feign a false reply,
不屑于假装给出错误的答案的小孩，
To cover faults or errors done,
不屑于掩盖犯下的错误或缺点的小孩，
Love and forgiveness both hath won.
他会赢得爱与宽恕。
For Truth both gentle is and brave,
真理既和善又美好，
But Falsehood is a coward knave,
谎言是一个诺夫无赖，
Who vainly tries his faults to screen
他徒劳地掩饰他的过错，
By lying words most base and mean.
通过展现最卑鄙最低劣的话语。
USEFUL KNOWLEDGE I
有用的知识
ANIMALS
动物
THE SHEEP.—What does the sheep give us? Wool.
绵羊——绵羊给了我们什么？羊毛。
What is all the wool of one sheep called? A fleece.
一头羊所有的羊毛叫什么？绒头织物。
What do we make of wool? Flannel, blankets, carpets, coats, warm gloves and socks, and many other useful things.
我们能用羊毛做什么？绒布，毛毯，地毯，外套，保暖的手套和袜子，以及其他许多有用的东西。
What do we get from the sheep besides wool? We make its skin into leather; we use its flesh as food.
除了羊毛，我们还能从羊身上得到什么？我们把它的皮做成皮革，我们把它的肉用作食物。
What do we make of leather? We make boots and shoes, straps and belts, saddles and harness, covers of books, and many other things.
我们能用皮革做什么？我们做靴子和鞋子，皮条和皮带，马鞍和马具，书的封面，以及其他许多东西。
What is the skin of an animal called before it is made into leather? A hide.
动物的皮在做成皮革前叫什么？兽皮。
Who makes the hide into leather? The tanner.
谁把兽皮做成皮革？制革工人。
Who makes the leather soft, and colours it? The currier.
谁把皮革变柔软，给它上色？制革匠。
Who makes the leather into shoes? The shoemaker.
谁把皮革做成鞋子？鞋匠。
What is the flesh of the sheep called? Mutton.
绵羊身上的肉叫什么？羊肉。
And of the young sheep? Lamb.
小羊羔身上的肉呢？羔羊肉。
What do sheep feed on? On grass.
绵羊以什么为食？牧草。
What do you call a great number of sheep going together? A flock.
聚在一起走的许多羊叫什么？羊群。
And the man who watches them? A shepherd.
照看那些羊的人呢？牧羊人。
THE COW.—What do we get from the cow? Milk and cream.
牛——我们能从牛那儿得到什么？牛奶和奶油。
And what is made of milk? Butter and cheese; and we use it to make puddings and cakes.
牛奶能做什么？黄油和奶酪；我们用黄油和奶酪做布丁和蛋糕。
What do you call a man who deals in milk? A milkman or dairyman.
经营牛奶的人叫什么？牛奶商或乳牛场主。
And a woman? A milkmaid or dairymaid.
处理牛奶的女人呢？挤奶女工或乳牛场的女工。
And the place where it is kept? A dairy.
牛奶保存的地方叫什么？乳品店。
What else do we get from the cow? Leather, horn, and meat.
我们还能从牛那儿得到什么？皮革，角，肉。
What do we make of horn? Combs, spoons, knife-handles, buttons, and drinking cups.
我们能用角做什么？梳子，勺子，刀把，纽扣和饮水杯。
What is a bugle-horn? A musical instrument, made of brass.
军号是什么？一种乐器，用黄铜制成。
Why is it called a horn? Because the first musical instruments of that kind were the horns of animals.
为什么叫它号角？因为第一个这样的乐器是动物的角。
What is the flesh of the cow or ox called? Beef.
奶牛或公牛的肉叫什么？牛肉。
What is a young cow? A calf.
小牛叫什么？牛犊。
What is calf's flesh called? Veal.
牛犊的肉叫什么？小牛肉。
What is a man who sells meat called? A butcher.
卖肉的人叫什么？屠夫。
What is the ox used for in some countries? To draw carts and ploughs.
在一些国家公牛被用来做什么？拉车以及犁田。
THE HORSE.—What do we chiefly use the horse for? To carry us, and to draw carts and carriages.
马——我们主要利用马干嘛？搭载我们，拉板车和车厢。
How is a horse fastened to a cart or a carriage? By leather straps and iron chains.
如何将马固定在板车或马车上？用皮带和铁链。
What are all the straps and chains on a horse? Its harness.
马上的皮带和链条叫什么？马具。
What is the seat on a horse's back called? A saddle.
马背上的座位叫什么？马鞍。
And the strap for guiding it? A bridle, or rein.
指引马的皮带叫什么？马勒或缰绳。
And the bar in its mouth, joined to the bridle? A bit.
它嘴里连接到马勒的棒子叫什么？马嚼子。
What is a young horse called? A foal.
小马叫什么？驹。
And a little horse? A pony.
小型马叫什么？矮种马。
What other use do we make of the horse? We make leather of its skin, and hair-cloth and mattresses of the long hairs of its tail.
马还有什么其他用处？我们用它的皮做皮革，用它尾巴上的长毛做马尾织品和床垫。
Do we eat its flesh? No; but in some countries its flesh is eaten, and mare's milk is used for food.
我们吃它的肉吗？不；但在有些国家，人们会吃它的肉，母马的奶会用做食物。
OTHER ANIMALS.—What animals are used for food besides the sheep and the cow? Swine, fowls, ducks, geese, turkeys, rabbits, and hares.
其他动物——除了羊和牛，还有什么动物被用作食物？猪，家禽，鸭，鹅，家兔和野兔。
What is swine's flesh called? Pork, when it is fresh; and bacon and ham, when it is salted and dried.
猪的肉叫什么？新鲜的时候叫猪肉，用盐腌制并晒干后叫熏肉和火腿。
What else do we get from swine? Leather, and the stiff hairs of which brushes are made, called bristles.
我们还能从猪身上得到什么？皮革，制成刷子的硬毛叫猪鬃。
What is glue made of? Of parts of the hoofs and skins of animals.
胶是什么制成的？动物蹄子的一部分还有皮。
What do fowls give us for food while they are alive? Eggs.
家禽活着时给我们什么食物？蛋。
And what do we get from them after they are dead? Feathers, to make beds and pillows.
它们死后我们能得到什么？做床和枕头的羽毛。
What is a silk dress made of? Threads spun by a little worm.
丝绸服装是用什么制成的？小蠕虫纺的螺纹。
What is fur? The hairy skin of animals.
毛皮是什么？动物多毛的皮。
What are the leaves of pocketbooks often made of? Of part of the skin of the ass.
笔记本的书页通常是用什么做的？驴皮的一部分。
What is a quill pen? A feather from the wing of a goose.
羽管笔是什么？鹅翅膀上的羽毛。
Where do we get whalebone? In the mouth of the whale.
我们从哪儿得到鲸须？鲸嘴里。
What else do we get from the whale? Oil, for lamps.
我们还能从鲸那儿得到什么？灯油。
What are candles made of? Tallow, or the fat of animals.
蜡烛是用什么做的？牛脂，或动物的脂肪。
What do we make from tallow and oil? Soap.
我们用动物脂油和油做什么？肥皂。
What are the finest candles made of? Of wax, made by the bees.
最好的蜡烛是用什么做的？蜜蜂造的蜡。
What else do we get from the bees? Honey.
我们还能从蜜蜂那儿得到什么？蜂蜜。
